Ultrastructural Studies to Evaluate Fish Scales as Indicators of Heavy Metals in Labeo rohita
Scales as indicators of water quality
199 / 85
Authors
-
Vibhu Vaid
Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004. Punjab, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-7644
-
SS Hundal
Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004. Punjab, India
-
Nisha Vashishat
Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004. Punjab, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0071-8955
Keywords:
Fish scales, Heavy metals , Labeo rohita, SEM-EDS, Water quality indicatorAbstract
Environmental pollution by heavy metals has been of nagging concern globally. A preliminary study was undertaken to study structural alterations including lepidontal aberrations on the fish scales of Labeo rohita using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, the atomic percentage of heavy metals on the scales were analysed by Energy Dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The scales were gathered during two seasons (winter and summer) from Ludhiana's fish markets. Various heavy metals including Aluminium (Al), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) were detected on fish scales gathered from local fish markets compared to control groups. In addition, Silicon (Si) was also found on the scales gathered from markets. Heavy metal accumulation in the water source from which fish were gathered might be responsible for deposition of heavy metals on scale’s surface. Along with this, lepidontal anomalies on the scale’s dorsal surface were examined using EDX. In addition, structural aberrations such as broken, disorganized and eroded circuli, damaged margins of scales, alterations in focus and tubercles were also studied. The intensity of alterations was observed higher in scales of fish larger in size gathered from market compared to fish smaller in size, which might be due to longer duration of heavy metal exposure in the water source. The results clearly suggested that fish scales of L. rohita have a potential to be used as indicators of water quality.
Downloads
References
Abdel-Baki AS, Dkhil MA and Al-Quraishy S (2011) Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in tilapia fish relevant to their concentration in water and sediment of Wadi Hanifa, Saudia Arabia. African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 2541-2547.
Ali S, Hussain S, Khan R, Mumtaz S, Ashraf N, Andleeb S, Shakir HA, Tahir HM, Khan MKA and Ulhaq M (2019) Renal toxicity of heavy metals (cadmium and mercury) and their amelioration with ascorbic acid in rabbits. Environmental science and pollution research International 26: 3909-3920.
Baker RF, Blanchfield PJ, Paterson MJ, Flett RJ and Wesson L (2004) Evaluation of Nonlethal Methods for the Analysis of Mercury in Fish Tissue. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 133(3): 568-576.
Brraich OS and Jangu S (2016) Comparative account of accumulation of heavy metals and structural alterations in scales of five species from Harike wetland, India. Iranian journal of ichthyology 3(4): 275-282.
Coban MZ, Eroglu M, Canpolat O, Calta M and Sen D (2013) Effect of chromium on scale morphology in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 23(5): 1455-1459.
Deepak T, Padmavathy P, Rani V, Manimekalai D and Devasena SS (2022) Water quality parameters and nutrient status of selected reservoirs in Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Journal of Fisheries 69(4): 28-35.
Dwivedi S and Sehgal N (2017) Scale of murrel: A non-invasive approach to monitor heavy metals in freshwater. Journal of Biological and Medical Sciences 3(3): 15-23.
Gil-Duran S, Arola D and Ossa EA (2016) Effect of chemical composition and microstructure on the mechanical behavior of fish scales from Megalops Atlanticus. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 56: 134-145.
Güngor A and Kara D (2017) Toxicities and risk assessment of heavy metals of the six most consumed fish from the Marmara Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 25(3): 2672-2682.
Hidayati D, Sulaiman N, Othman S and Ismail BS (2013) Fish scale deformation analysis using scanning electron microscope: New potential biomarker in aquatic environmental monitoring of aluminum and iron contamination. AIP Conference Proceedings 1571: 563-568.
Jangu S and Brraich OS (2014) Heavy metals accumulation and structural alterations in scales of fish Labeo calbasu (Hamilton-Buchanan) from Harika wetland (Ramsar site), India. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research 5(6): 637-641.
Jindal R and Sharma C (2011) Studies on water quality of Sutlej River around Ludhiana with reference to physicochemical parameters. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 174: 417-425.
Jindal R and Verma S (2015) In vivo genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of cadmium chloride in peripheral erythrocytes of Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 118: 1-10.
Kaur R and Dua A (2015) Scales of freshwater fish Labeo rohita as bioindicators of water pollution in Tung Dhab drain, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Guru Nanak Dev university campus, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 78: 388-396.
Kaur S, Khera KS and Kondal JK (2018) Heavy metal induced histopathological alterations in liver, muscle and kidney of freshwater cyprinid, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 6(2): 2137-2144.
Khanna DR, Sarkar P, Gautam A and Bhutiani R (2007) Fish scales as bio indicator of water quality of river Ganga. Environmental Monitoring and Assessments 134: 153-60.
Lau C and Li XC (2023) Cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc in freshwater fish: Assessing trophic transfer using stable isotope ratios of δ15N and δ13C. Journal of Environmental Sciences 128: 250-257.
Negi RK and Maurya A (2015) Heavy metal concentrations in tissues of major carp and exotic carp from Bhagwanpur Fish Pond, India. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10(6): 543-552.
Pala EM (2018) Ultrastructural Deformities in the Scales of Cyprinus carpio inhabiting two Government-Sponsored Fish Farms in North-East India Contaminated by Municipal Wastes and Other Pollutants. Microscopy and Microanalysis 24(6): 729-733.
Santana CA, Lima DMV, Andrade LHC, Suarez YR and Lima SM (2016) Laser-induced fluorescence in fish scales to evaluate the environmental integrity of ecosystems. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 165: 80-86.
Shaikh M (2014) Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Labeo rohita From Nathsagar Dam, Near Aurangabad, Maharashtra. International Journal of advances in agricultural and environmental engineering 1(1): 54-56.
Squadrone S, Prearo M, Brizio P, Gavinelli S, Pellegrino M, Scanzio T, Guarise S, Benedetto A and Abete MC (2013) Heavy metals distribution in muscle, liver, kidney and gill of European catfish (Silurus glanis) from Italian Rivers. Chemosphere 90(2): 358-365.
Tandon KK and Johal MS (1993) Mineral composition of different regions of the scale of an enlarged fish Tor putitora (Hamilton) using energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis technique. Current science 65: 572-573.
Vaid V and Hundal SS (2019) Light microscopic studies to evaluate fish scales as non-invasive indicators of heavy metal-contaminated waters. Environmental Montoring and Assessment 191: 638.
Vikrma A and Sandhu HAS (2022) Health Risk Assessment of Gurdaspur, Punjab, India Using Field Experiments and GIS: A Groundwater Perspective. Journal of the Geological Society of India 98: 933-936.
Vila M, Sanchez-Salcedo S and Vallet-Regi M (2012) Hydroxyapatite foams for the immobilization of heavy metals: From waters to the human body. Inorganica Chimica Acta 393: 24-35.
Yang F, Zhang H, Xie S, Wei S, Wei C and Yang X (2023) Concentrations of heavy metals in water, sediments and aquatic organisms from a closed realgar mine. Environmental science and pollution research international 30(2): 4959-4971.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Soil Salinity and Water Quality serves as an official organ of the Indian Society of Soil Salinity and Water Quality (ISSSWQ) for the publication of research papers, reviews, and short communications as per the constitution and by-laws of the society. Soft and hard copy of the journal are sent free to all its members. All disputes are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of competent court and forums in Kamal only. The society does not assume any responsibility for opinion by the authors in the articles and no-material in any form can be reproduced without the prior permission of the society. The society is not responsible for any delay, whatsoever, in publication/ delivery of the periodicals to the subscribers due to unforeseen circumstances or postal delay. The society does not vouch for any claims made by the advertisers of products and services. The publisher and the editors shall not be held liable for any consequences in the event of such claim not being honoured by the advertisers.
