Wetted Front Advance under Surface Vertical Line Segment Source for Designing Drip Irrigation for Deep Rooted Crops
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Authors
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Chhedi Lal Verma
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute-Regional Research Station, PO. Dilkusha, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ravi Kant Pandey
Ph.D. Scholar, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sushrut Richa
M. Tech. Research Scholar, Deptt. Mechanical Engineering, HBTU, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shyam Ji Mishra
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute-Regional Research Station, PO. Dilkusha, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
Keywords:
Drip irrigation, Hydraulic conductivity, Line source, Surface irrigation, Wetting patternAbstract
Surface vertical line segment source is suitable for applying irrigation water to deep rooted plantations. Wetted front advance in horizontal and vertical direction are required for deciding the spacing between emitters, drip laterals and depth of water application. Shape of wetted soil mass in combination of average change in volumetric moisture content as single soil input parameter has led to develop simple models for predicting wetted front advance. Two mathematical models namely Moving Cylinder Model and Cylinder with Hemispheroid Model were developed to describe wetted front advance under surface vertical line segment source water flow geometry. The developed models were tested with sand tank model data especially for lateral and vertical advances of wetted fronts. The values of predicted wetted front radii and depths compared closely with the observed wetted front radii and depths with average percent deviations of 2.47% and 4.84% for Moving Cylinder Model and 2.78% and 7.44% for Cylinder with Hemispheroid Model once the flow geometry is fully developed. Advantage of the models is that they require average change in volumetric moisture content as basic soil input parameter, which is quite easy to determine under field conditions. The developed model may be satisfactorily used for field application in normal as well as salt affected soils.
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