Characterisation and Mapping of Salt-affected soil in Tungabhadra Project (TBP) Command, Karnataka
5 / 6
Authors
-
A V Karegoudar
AICRP on Management of Saline Water and Associated Salinization in Agriculture, ARS, Gangavathi, UAS, Raichur
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-1752
-
Vishwanath Jowkin
AICRP on Management of Saline Water and Associated Salinization in Agriculture, ARS, Gangavathi, UAS, Raichur
-
RH Rajkumar
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, UAS, Raichur
-
M J Kaledhonkar
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (IISWC) Research Centre in Vasad
-
NL Rajesh
Remote sensing and GIS Lab,Sujala-III,AC, UAS, Raichur
-
D K Srinivasa
AICRP on Management of Saline Water and Associated Salinization in Agriculture, ARS, Gangavathi, UAS, Raichur
-
R L Meena
Project Coordinating Unit, Management of Saline Water and Associated Salinization in Agriculture, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana-132001, India
Keywords:
Waterlogging, Soluble cations, Electrical conductivity, GPS, Soluble anionsAbstract
The deviation from the recommended cropping pattern in the command area, particularly through the large-scale adoption of water-intensive paddy cultivation, has led to widespread waterlogging and soil salinity. Against this backdrop, a systematic assessment and spatial mapping of soil salinity in the command area were carried out by the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Management of Saline Water and Associated Salinisation in Agriculture, Gangavathi, Karnataka. A total of 407, 391, 306, and 207 soil samples were collected from depths of 0-15, 15-30, 30-60, and 60-90 cm, respectively, using GPS-based grid sampling at 5 km × 5 km intervals. Spatial mapping was performed using geostatistical kriging techniques, and the generated maps were geo-referenced and visually interpreted to delineate salt-affected soils using standard image interpretation elements such as tone, texture, shape, size, pattern, and association. The survey results indicated that surface soil salinity (ECe, 0-15 cm) ranged from 2-4, 4-8, and >8 dS m⁻¹ over approximately 23.62% (85,692 ha), 14.40% (52,097 ha), and 12.40% (44,986 ha) of the command area, respectively. With respect to sodicity, about 22.3% (80,904 ha) of the command area exhibited a Sodium Adsorption Ratio of soil extract (SARe) greater than 13, indicating the presence of sodic soils. Among the districts within the command, Bellary recorded the highest proportion of salt-affected area, with 62.83% (74,400 ha) and 54.26% (64,251 ha) having EC >4 dS m⁻¹, SARe >13, followed by Koppal (Gangavathi) with 30.19% (10,465.6 ha) and 35.12% (12,174 ha), and Raichur with 23.00% (47,707 ha) and 15.60% (32,308 ha), respectively. The soils of these districts had dominant cations viz. sodium followed by calcium, magnesium and potassium where anions viz. chloride followed by carbonate, bicarbonate and sulphate. The continued use of poor-quality Nala (drain) water and groundwater for irrigation further aggravated the development of salt-affected soils, particularly in the tail-end regions of the command.
Downloads
References
Abegunrin TP, Awe DO, Idowu DO and Adejumobi MA (2016) Impact of wastewater irrigation on soil physicochemical properties, growth and water use pattern of two indigenous vegetables in southwest Nigeria. Catena 139: 167-178.
Chesnin L and Yien CH (1951) Turbidimetric determination of available sulphates. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 15: 149-151.
Chhabra R 2004. Classification of salt-affected soils. Arid Land Research and Management 1:61-79.
Chinchmalatpure AR, Camus D, Vaibhav R, Vibhute S, Kumar S, Prasad I and Shukla M (2018) Assessing groundwater contamination due to heavy metals and their spatial distribution in an industrial area of Western India. Journal of Soil Salinity and Water Quality, 10(2), 178-185.
Command Area Development Authority (CADA), TBP project report 2013, Karnataka, India.
Cucci G, Lacolla G and Rubino P (2013) Irrigation with saline-sodic water effects on soil chemical-physical properties. African Journal of Agricultural Research 8: 358- 365.
Deshmukh KK (2012) Evaluation of soil fertility status from Sangamner area, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra,India. Russian Journal of Chemistry 5: 398-406.
Huang CH, Xue X, Wang T, Mascellis RD, Mele G, You QG, Peng F and Tedeschi A (2010) Effects of saline water irrigation on soil properties in northwest China. Environmental Earth Sciences 63: 701-708.
Karegoudar AV, Viswanath J, Rajkumar RH, Anand SR, Polisgowdar BS, Ayyanagowdar BS, Nemichandrappa M and Kaledhonkar MJ (2022) Economic feasibility of subsurface drainage to control waterlogging and soil salinity under different scenarios in Tungabhadra project command, Karnataka. International Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 71:1063-1076. DOI: 10.1002/ird.2716
Mali BS, Thengal SS and Pate PN (2012) Physico-chemical characteristics of salt affected soil from Barhanpur, Maharashtra, India. Annals of Biological Research 3: 4091-4093.
Manjunath MV, Oosterbaan RJ, Gupta SK, Rajkumar H and Jansen H (2004) Performance of subsurface drains for reclaiming waterlogged saline lands under rolling topography in Tungabhadra irrigation project in India. Agricultural Water Management 69(1): 69-82.
Meena HB, Sharma PR. and Rawat US (2006) Status of macro-micronutrients in some soils of Tonk district of Rajasthan. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 54:508-512.
Mustafa AA, Singh M, Ahmed N, Sahoo RN, Khanna M, Sarangi A and Mishra AK (2016) Soil suitability analysis of crop planning in Kheragarah tehsil of Agra district,Uttar Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 64: 311-318.
Patil SG, Hebbara M, Ravishankar G. and Mastanareddy BG (2006) 50 years Journey of Agricultural Research Station, Gangavati. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Shri Bhavani offset printers, Hubli.
Ragab AAMM, Helial FA and Abd El-Hady M (2008) Irrigation water salinity effect on some soil water constants and plant. Twelfth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC, 12 Alexandria, Egypt pp.1.
Raut MM, Raut PD and Balpande SS (2017) Nutrient Status of Some Soil Series of Bhiwapur and their relationship with Physico-Chemical Properties. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 5 (6): 1218-1222.
Richards LA (1954) Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkaline Soils. USDA Hand Book No. 60. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co., New Delhi.
Schwartzenbach G, Biedermann W and Bangerter F (1946) Komplexone VI. Meueeinfache Titrimethodenzur Bestimmung der Wesserharte. Helvetica Chimica Acta 29:811-818.
Singh P, Sharma KK and Bana RC (2020) Characterization and Mapping of Salt-affected soils of Nagaur District in Rajasthan, India. Journal of Soil Salinity and Water Quality 12(2), 148-154, 2020
Soni M (2016) Analysis of soil samples for its physicochemical parameters from Abohar city. The Pharma Innovation Journal 5(11): 37-39.
USSL (1954) In: Richards LA (ed.), Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. USDA Handbook, Washington, DC, pp 60.
Vibhute SD, Chinchmalatpure AR, Vineeth TV, Kumar S, Gorain B, Prasad I, Camus DD and Shukla M (2024) Alternate use of fresh and saline waters to improve water productivity and soil sustainability of drip irrigated wheat in a semi-arid region. Arid Land Research and Management, 38(4), pp.571-590.
Vibhute SD, Kamra SK, Pathan AL, Bundela DS, Abhishek R, Kumar S and Kumar J (2024) Rapid Assessment and Mapping of Soil Salinity in Subsurface Drainage Project using Electromagnetic Induction and Geostatistical Analysis. Journal of Soil Salinity and Water Quality, 16(2), 249-256.
Vibhute SD, Sarangi A, Singh DK, Bandyopadhyay KK, Parihar SS and Kumar D (2017) Comparative evaluation of water budgeting parameters under different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation methods. Journal of Applied & Natural Science, 9(3).
Vineeth TV, Vibhute SD, Ravikiran KT, Prasad I, Chinchmalatpure A and Sharma, PC (2023) Biosaline agriculture and efficient management strategies for sustainable agriculture on salt affected Vertisols. In Plant Stress Mitigators (pp. 249-269). Academic Press.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Soil Salinity and Water Quality serves as an official organ of the Indian Society of Soil Salinity and Water Quality (ISSSWQ) for the publication of research papers, reviews, and short communications as per the constitution and by-laws of the society. Soft and hard copy of the journal are sent free to all its members. All disputes are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of competent court and forums in Kamal only. The society does not assume any responsibility for opinion by the authors in the articles and no-material in any form can be reproduced without the prior permission of the society. The society is not responsible for any delay, whatsoever, in publication/ delivery of the periodicals to the subscribers due to unforeseen circumstances or postal delay. The society does not vouch for any claims made by the advertisers of products and services. The publisher and the editors shall not be held liable for any consequences in the event of such claim not being honoured by the advertisers.
