Bioamelioration of Salt-Affected Soils: Restoring Soil Health to Safeguard Community Well-being
Bioamelioration of salt-affected soils
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Authors
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BM Kamble
Department of Soil Science, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahilyanagar-413722, Maharashtra, India
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Vishakha Bandgar
Department of Soil Science, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahilyanagar-413722, Maharashtra, India
Keywords:
Bioamelioration, Phytoremediation., , Food security, Bio-inoculant, nanoremediationAbstract
Soil salinity is a global challenge that threatens agricultural productivity, food security, and human health. Salt-affected soils (SASs) currently cover millions of hectares worldwide, with the affected area expected to increase due to primary and secondary salinization, climate change, unsustainable irrigation, and industrial activities. Salinity not only reduces crop yields but also enhances the mobility of heavy metals, increasing their uptake by plants and subsequent entry into the food chain and drinking water, ultimately affecting human beings. Elevated soil and water salinity have been directly associated with hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, pregnancy complications, gastrointestinal issues, and increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. Bioamelioration involves the use of halophytes, plant growth–promoting microbes, organic amendments, biochar, mycorrhizal fungi, and vermiremediation, and appears as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to physical and chemical methods of soil reclamation. These biological approaches improve soil structure, nutrient cycling, and stress tolerance in plants, while reducing toxic metal mobility and safeguarding ecosystem health. Integrating bioamelioration with nanotechnology, precision agriculture, and one health approaches presents a promising pathway toward sustainable soil management. This review highlights the interconnectedness between soil quality of salt-affected soils and human well-being and underscores the urgent need for scalable, nature-based reclamation strategies to restore degraded soils and secure food and human health security for an ever-increasing population.
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