Evaluating the Spacing in Free and Controlled Subsurface Drainage Systems in Saline Vertisols of the Tungabhadra Project Command Area, Karnataka, India
Evaluating space in subsurface drainage system for saline vertisols
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Authors
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A V Karegoudar
Agricultural Research Station, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
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Vishwanath Jowkin
Agricultural Research Station, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
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K Naveen
Land and Water Management Research group, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode, India
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M J Kaledhonkar
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (IISWC) Research Centre, Vasad
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R L Meena
ICAR – Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal–132001, Haryana, India
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B L Meena
ICAR – Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal–132001, Haryana, India
Keywords:
Controlled drainage, Depth to watertable, Salt removal, Salt and water balance, Nitrogen lossAbstract
Performance of subsurface drainage (SSD) systems mainly depends on free movement of drainage effluent to the surface drain through the gravity outlets as it influences the rate of reclamation of waterlogged saline soils. Farmers at the tail end of the Tungabhadra project (TBP) command who often face scarcity of water especially at the later part of the crop growth period are in practice of blocking the outlets so as to retain water in the field for the crop. This practice has led to the inefficient SSD network in the command. To overcome this practice, Controlled Drainage (CD) system wherein a slight modification to the existing Free Drainage (FD) system was designed at Agricultural Research Station, Gangavathi, Karnataka, India. A comparative field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FD and CD systems with 50 and 60 m spacing in waterlogged saline Vertisols within the TBP command area. The FD and CD treatments have been applied since the installation of the SSD system. The data of seven seasons revealed that in both the spacing, rate of reclamation was faster under FD system. However, CD system saved irrigation water by 28% to 35% and also reduced drainage water volume by 39% to 70%. Apart from this, the CD system also reduced the movement of nitrate by 42% to 70% with maintaining shallow water depth as compared to FD system. The B: C ratio under FD system for 60 and 50 m spacing was 1.66 and 1.73, respectively, whereas slightly less effective CD system in terms of reclamation by leaching has reasonably good B: C ratio of 1.55 and 1.56 for 60 and 50 m spacing, respectively. The study revealed that 60 m drain spacing with CD system could be a viable option to address water shortage by reducing drainage discharge, seasonal salt and water balance and nutrient loss in the tail-end areas of the TBP command.
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