Multi-Biomarker based Environmental Monitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems using Catla Catla and Cirrhinus Mrigala in Malwa Region of Punjab
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Authors
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Money
Department of Zoology Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
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Navdeep Kaur
Department of Zoology Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Keywords:
Fulton’s condition factor, environment, genotoxicity, protein content, SDS-PAGEAbstract
Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala were collected from three districts in Malwa region of Punjab i.e. Muktsar, Bathinda and Ludhiana. Fulton’s condition factor (K), protein content, qualitative analysis of proteins and genotoxicity was determined in fishes. Fulton’s condition factor was higher in both fishes of Muktsar followed by Bathinda and Ludhiana. The lowest protein content was recorded in all tissues (liver, kidney, gills and muscles) of both fish species of Mukstar followed by Bathinda and Ludhiana with liver of both species and gills of C. catla showing non-significant variation whereas kidney as well as muscles of both species and gills of C. mrigala showing significant variation across three locations (p<0.05). SDS-PAGE analysis of liver revealed appearance of distinct protein bands such as 32 KDa, 38 KDa in C. catla and C. mrigala of both Mukstar and Bathinda as well as 120 KDa, 150 KDa and 200 KDa in C. mrigala of Bathinda only. Genotoxicity studies using the comet assay showed significant differences in tail lengths of liver cells, with Muktsar exhibiting the longest comet tails for both species. These findings suggest that C. catla and C. mrigala present in aquatic ecosystems of Muktsar were having elevated biomarker levels associated with environmental impact followed by Bathinda and Ludhiana which might be due to variations in pollutant load and other environmental stressors influencing aquatic ecosystem health.
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