Multiple herbicides resistance in Phalaris minor : Extent and management

Abstract

Weed infestation especially, Phalaris minor is one of the main biotic constraints in wheat production and productivity. For P. minor control most of the farmers depend on herbicides due to cost and time effectiveness compared to manual weeding. Herbicide use is increasing dramatically in different crops and this trend is expected to continue. Continuous use of the same herbicide having same mode of action in monoculture has been a major cause of the occurrence of herbicide resistance. The evolution of herbicide resistant weeds is a threat to wheat sustainability. Long term strategies to manage herbicide resistant weeds should include integration of nonchemical methods with chemical for sustainable wheat production.