Crop establishment and nutrient management for production sustainability in rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system in eastern India

RAGHUBAR SAHU; DHARMENDRA KUMAR; R K SOHANE; RAKESH KUMAR; ANJANI KUMAR; SANJAY KUMAR MANDAL; MUNESHWAR PRASAD; JUBULI SAHU

doi:10.56093/ijas.v93i10.137402

Authors

RAGHUBAR SAHU Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka, Bihar 813 102, India
DHARMENDRA KUMAR Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka, Bihar 813 102, India
R K SOHANE Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar
RAKESH KUMAR ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar
ANJANI KUMAR ICAR-Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Zone-IV, Patna, Bihar
SANJAY KUMAR MANDAL Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka, Bihar 813 102, India
MUNESHWAR PRASAD Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka, Bihar 813 102, India
JUBULI SAHU Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka, Bihar 813 102, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i10.137402

Keywords:

Crop establishment methods, Nutrient management, Rice-wheat system, Sustainable yield index

Abstract

In eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EIGP), conventional rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system has led to a decline in total factor productivity, input-use efficiency, and profitability. A three-year (2020–2022) field experiment was conducted at the farmers’ fields in Merha village of Katoriya, Banka, Bihar on a sandy clay loam soil to evaluate the impact of crop establishment and nutrient management on production sustainability in rice-wheat cropping system. Experiments were conducted in a split-plot design and replicated thrice. The main-plot treatment had crop establishment methods, viz. (i) Broadcasting: paddy seed broadcasted manually; (ii) Dry seeding: seed drilled on moist soil; (iii) Drum-seeding: dry-seed planted using drum seeder on moist soil and; (iv) Wet-seeding: sprouted seeds broadcasted on puddle soil with variety Sabour Ardhjal in rainy (kharif) season and 4-wheat crop establishment method, viz. (i) Broadcasting in CT; (ii) Furrow irrigated raised-bed method; (iii) ZT-drill and; (iv) Seed-cum-ferti-drill machine for wheat variety HD 2967 in winter (rabi) season. The sub-plots were allotted four nutrient management treatments, viz. (i) Farmers’ practice (130:40:10 kg NPK/ha); (ii) 100% RDF (120: 60:40 kg NPK/ha); (iii) Soil- test-based nutrient management (100% chemical fertilizer-125:75:40 kg NPK/ha) and; (iv) Soil-test based nutrient management (75% chemical fertilizer-94:56:30 kg NPK/ha+25% FYM-6.2 t/ha) in wheat, and (i) Farmers practice (140:30:10 kg NPK/ha); (ii) 100% RDF (120:60:40 kg NPK/ha); (iii) Soil-test based nutrient management (100% chemical fertilizer-150:75:40 kg NPK/ha); (iv) Soil-test based nutrient management (75% chemical fertilizer-115:56:30 kg NPK/ha+25% FYM-7 t/ha) in wheat. Our results revealed that overall system productivity and profitability were higher by 44 and 155.5% in wet seeding paddy-ZT drill wheat system in comparison to broadcasting methods of rice and wheat. System productivity was significantly higher by 28.8% in soil-test based nutrient management production system as compared to the farmers' practices. Thus, to achieve better system productivity and profitability, crops may be grown with wet seeding paddy-ZT drill wheat with soil-test based nutrient management practices under eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of eastern India.

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