Elevating Yield and Trait Variability in Moth Bean Suitable for Western Arid lands

Khushwant B. Choudhary; Hans Raj Mahla

doi:10.56093/ijas.v96i9.159652

Authors

Khushwant B. Choudhary ICAR-CAZRI
Hans Raj Mahla

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v96i9.159652

Keywords:

Mutation Breeding, Genetic Variability, Moth Bean, Climate Resilience, Plant Architecture

Abstract

Moth bean, a vital legume for arid regions, faces genetic constraints that limit its breeding potential. To enhance genetic variability and develop climate-resilient varieties, mutation breeding was applied to two varieties, GMO-2 and IPCMO-880, using gamma rays (200 Gy, 400 Gy) and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) (0.3%, 0.5%). GMO-2 showed higher mutagenic responsiveness, particularly with 0.5% EMS and 400 Gy gamma rays, leading to an increase in mutation frequency. Selected mutants from earlier generations were evaluated in M₃, M₄ and M₅generations in kharif-2020, summer-2021 and kharif-2021, respectively, at ICAR-CAZRI, Jodhpur, with over 500 mutants selected by the M4 generation. GMO-2 contributed significantly to desirable traits, such as longer peduncle length and improved plant architecture, while IPCMO-880, though less responsive, produced early-flowering and maturing plants. By the M5 generation, stable mutants from GMO-2 were identified for traits like long peduncle and upright growth. In station trial, three out of 18 mutants surpassed four check varieties in yield, with CZMO-18-2-2 (1530 kg/ha) leading, followed by CZMO-18-4-1 (1290 kg/ha) and CZMO-18-5-1 (1130 kg/ha), reflecting yield increases of 91%, 61%, and 33% over RMO-257 (800 kg/ha). Following extensive field testing for yield across various locations, CZMO-18-5 was identified by the Varietal Identification Committee on May 11, 2023, during the Kharif Pulses Annual Group Meet of the AICRP on Kharif Pulses under the ICAR. This study highlights the efficacy of mutation breeding in creating variability and improving traits in moth bean, supporting the development of climate-resilient varieties for sustainable arid agriculture.

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