Evaluation of physiological indices and grain yield of different wheat cultivars at early, normal and delayed planting dates

Abstract

Environmental variations in recent years haveh had a significant impact on crop productivity. This study was conducted as a split-plot experiment with three replications over two growing seasons (2020–2021 and 2021–2022). The main factor consisted of three planting dates (October 20, November 20, and December 20, classified as early, normal, and late sowing, respectively), while the sub-factor included six wheat cultivars: Zare and Heydari (winter growth type), Pishgam and Alvand (intermediate growth type), and Sirvan and Pishtaz (spring growth type). The results demonstrated that delayed planting led to reduced nutrient uptake, lower leaf relative water content, and increased ion leakage and light extinction coefficient. Furthermore, on December 20, spring cultivars (Sirvan and Pishtaz) exhibited a lower light extinction coefficient and a higher photosynthesis rate than winter and intermediate cultivars. Overall, late planting significantly decreased grain yield. Therefore, intermediate and spring wheat cultivars are recommended for late-season sowing.

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