Effects of Boron and Different Growth Regulators on In Vitro Propagation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

Abstract

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) is an important cereal used worldwide for human and animal nutrition, as well as in industry. In the research, germination rate, plant height, number of leaves and number of roots were measured in MS nutrient media containing 0.50, 3.00, 9.00, 18.00, 31.00 mg/l boric acid (H₃BO₃). Shoot tip and stem explants taken from three different sorghum cultivars germinated under in vitro conditions were cultured in MS basic media containing different concentrations of dicamba (0.50, 1.00, 2.00 mg/l) and BAP (1.00 mg/l) and Kinetin (1.00 mg/l). While the highest germination rates were observed in Öğretmenoğlu-77 and Uzun cultivars with 73% and 80% in the treatment containing 0.50 mg/l boron, it was observed in Gözde-80 cultivars in the control group with 86%. Among the three sorghum cultivars used in in vitro culture for regeneration ability, Uzun and Gözde-80 cultivars gave more successful results than Öğretmenoğlu-77 in terms of callus and shoot formation rates. Silage varieties yielded better results than grain varieties in this study. It was observed that stem explants were superior to shoot tip explants in terms of callus and shoot formation rates in all three varieties. Among the different cytokinin derivatives (BAP, Kinetin) used in conjunction with dicamba, higher callus and shoot formation rates (%) were obtained in those cultured with BAP than in those cultured with Kinetin. The highest callus and shoot formation rates (%) were observed in stem explants on media containing 2.00 mg/l dicamba alone and 0.50 mg/l dicamba and 1.00 mg/l BAP.