Genetic Diversity and Trait Association Studies in Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Accessions Using Multivariate Analysis

Abstract

The evaluation of different clove accessions along with a local check revealed considerable variation in tree growth and bud yield traits. The mean tree height among the accessions was 9.02 m, while the average stem girth, leaf length, and leaf breadth were 38.76 cm, 10.16 cm, and 6.09 cm, respectively. The mean number of branches per tree was 13.28. The average dry bud yield recorded among the accessions was 0.99 kg per tree, with values ranging from 0.66 to 1.67 kg per tree. In comparison, the local check exhibited a tree height of 12.34 m, stem girth of 40.99 cm, leaf length of 11.67 cm, leaf breadth of 4.89 cm, an average of 10 branches per tree, and a dry bud yield of 0.71 kg per tree. The results indicated substantial variability among the evaluated accessions, suggesting significant scope for selection and genetic improvement. Genetic divergence analysis grouped the genotypes into seven distinct clusters. Cluster II was the largest and included genotypes SA-8, SA-10, SA-12, SA-7, SA-5, SA-4, SA-6, SA-9, SA-2, and SA-14, indicating close genetic similarity among these accessions. The clustering pattern provided important insights into the genetic relationships and diversity present within the clove germplasm. The study further employed genetic variability analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, path coefficient analysis, and genetic divergence studies to understand trait associations and diversity, thereby providing useful information for clove breeding and crop improvement programmes.