Integrating Varietal Improvement and Decentralized Processing for Enhancing Mustard Farmer Incomes in India
33
Authors
-
Pratibha Joshi
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
-
Punitha P.
Centre for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Transfer (CATAT), ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
-
Pragya Ojha
-
S. Chakravorty
Centre for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Transfer (CATAT), ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
-
A. K. Singh
Centre for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Transfer (CATAT), ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
-
Nafees Ahmad
Centre for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Transfer (CATAT), ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
-
N.V. Kumbhare
ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
-
PANKAJ KUMAR OJHA
Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda- 210001
Keywords:
Mustard, on-farm varietal evaluation, value addition, farm profitability analysis, decentralized oilseed processingAbstract
A field-based study was conducted to evaluate the agronomic performance and economic viability of two improved mustard (Brassica juncea) varieties, PM 30 and PM 33, under evaluation trials at farmers’ field, and to assess the income enhancement potential of decentralized oil expeller-based value addition in comparison with conventional raw seed marketing. Fifteen on-farm trials were conducted during rabi 2024–25 in Maholi, Palwal (Haryana). PM 30 recorded a significantly higher mean yield (19.55 ± 0.42 q/ha) than the local check (18.50 ± 0.38 q/ha), registering a yield advantage of 7.57% (p = 0.032), while PM 33 showed a non-significant yield increase (19.00 ± 0.65 q/ha). One-way ANOVA confirmed a significant varietal effect (F = 4.21, p = 0.042) with a large effect size (η² = 0.41). Economic analysis revealed a substantial advantage of expeller-based processing over raw sale. The expeller model generated gross returns of ₹1,56,609/ha and net returns of ₹1,07,320/ha, compared with ₹1,04,544/ha and ₹59,433/ha under raw sale, resulting in an additional net income of ₹47,887/ha (80.6% increase). Paired t-tests indicated highly significant differences across all economic indicators (p < 0.001), with very large effect sizes (Cohen’s d = 5.33–10.56). The benefit–cost ratio improved from 2.32 to 3.18, and the incremental B:C ratio (11.47) along with a favorable break-even margin (₹4,178 achieved vs ₹4,541 threshold) demonstrated low financial risk. Correlation (r = 0.890) and regression analyses (R² = 0.955) identified processing adoption and oil price as dominant determinants of profitability. The study conclusively demonstrates that integrating improved varieties with decentralized oil processing offers a robust, scalable pathway for enhancing mustard farm income and strengthening rural value chains.
Downloads
References
• Bindhani D, Goswami SB, Kumar A, Verma G and Behera P. 2020. Growth, yield attributes and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) as influenced by irrigation and nitrogen levels. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(7), 1735-1746. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.907.200
• Chongloi K L, Devi A and Anal PS. 2025. Impact evaluation on productivity and profitability of rapeseed-mustard under cluster front line demonstration in Chandel district, Manipur. International Journal of Research in Agronomy, 8(4S), 100–103. https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060X.2025.v8.i4Sb.2773
• Dubey L R, Pal H R and Singh S P. 2014. A study of costs and returns for rapeseed-mustard on the sample farms of Bharatpur district of Rajasthan. Agricultural Science Digest, 34(4), 257–262. Retrieved from https://www.arccjournals.com/journal/agricultural-science-digest/D-3893
• Ghosh S and Nath R. 2024. Assessment of Indian mustard varieties based on phenological and yield attributing characteristics in Gangetic Plains of West Bengal. Journal of Crop and Weed, 20(1), 138-143. https://doi.org/10.22271/09746315.2024.v20.i1.1771
• Gupta R, Gupta A K, Yaduvanshi N, Srivastava A, Singh J, Vimal S C and Singh P. 2024. Path and genetic divergence analysis of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.) genotypes. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 46(5), 406–412. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52391
• International Rice Research Institute. 2022. Exploring the potential of the mustard crop in making Odisha's rice fallows productive. https://www.cgiar.org/news-events/news/exploring-the-potential-of-the-mustard-crop-in-making-odishas-rice-fallows-productive
• Jat A L, Desai A G and Rathore B S. 2019. Effect of different sowing schedule and crop geometry on productivity andprofitability of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.); Sowing Schedule and Crop Geometry in Indian Mustard. Journal of Oilseeds Research, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.56739/faa94v80
• Khandare D, More M S, Suryawanshi S N, Kayarwar A B and Azeem R. 2024. Economic analysis of mustard production in Bhandara district. International Journal of Research in Agronomy, 7(9), 610-613. https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060X.2024.v7.i9Si.1555
• Kumar A, Premi O P and Thomas L. 2023. Rapeseed mustard cultivation in India - An overview. GCIRC Bulletin, 25(6). https://www.gcirc.org/fileadmin/documents/Bulletins/B25/B25_06Rapeseed.pdf
• Kumar S, Sahoo P K, Kumar D, Gupta P, Sahu R K and Kumar B. 2025. Cost and returns of mustard cultivation: An analytical overview. International Journal of Extension Education, 8(5), 64–70. https://www.extensionjournal.com/article/view/1918/8-5-64
• Kumbhare N V, Padaria R N, Ahmad N, Joshi P, Punitha P, Singh Y P, Singh A K and Choudam, V. 2025. Status, yield gap and way forward of mustard (Brassica juncea) production in India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 95(10), 1275–1280. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v95i10.168461
• Marahatta S, Sah S K, McDonald A, Timsina J and Devkota K P. 2025. Improving soil health and crop productivity through conservation agriculture and nitrogen management in rice-mustard-maize systems. Field Crops Research, 325, 109825. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429025000905
• Maurya P, Umesha C, and Joy D. 2025. Economics of hybrid mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivation following foliar application of micronutrients and sulphur at various stages of growth. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 37(7), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2025/v37i75549
• National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC). 2015. Mustard oil expeller project profile. https://nstfdc.tribal.gov.in/UploadData/pdf/mustard_oil_expeller.pdf
• Neha S K and Maurya M K. 2023. Estimation of cost and returns per hectare, and input-output ratio of mustard on different size group of farms in Jhansi District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 45(8), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i82162
• Pahariya N C and Mukherjee C. 2007. Management: India's rapeseed/mustard oil sector. CUTS International. https://cuts-citee.org/pdf/RREPORT07-02.pdf
• PMFME, Ministry of Food Processing Industries. 2020. Mustard value chain special newsletter. https://pmfme.mofpi.gov.in/pmfme/newsletters/enewsmustardspecial1.html
• Sahu M. 2012. An economic analysis of marketing of mustard in Morar block of Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh (Master's thesis, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya). https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/server/api/core/bitstreams/d0c78e7f-1086-4bc8-aae2-a3a62f4243ef/content
• Sawilowsky S S. 2009. New effect size rules of thumb. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 8(2), 597–599. DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1257035100
• Singh G, Meena M L, Rohit and Balaram. 2025. Study of correlation and path coefficients for Indian mustard yield and yield contributing characteristics. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 9(4), 1042–1047. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2025.v9.i4l.4225
• Singh H, Gill K S, Singh B, Kaur V and Singh B. 2025. Effect of spacing and phosphorus level on growth, yield and economics of mustard. International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 7(5), 110–113. https://doi.org/10.33545/2664844X.2025.v7.i5b.383
• Singh Y V, Goswami S, Singh S K, Kumar A, Bhartiya P K and Singh K. 2025. Impact of nutrient management technologies on soil physico-chemical properties, yield and economics of mustard under irrigated condition of Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 37(2), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2025/v37i25306
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.
How to Cite
|
|
|
