INM in fruit crops: Sustaining quality production and soil health

A K SRIVASTAVA; D H PAITHANKAR; K T VENKATARAMANA; BINITA HAZARIKA; PRAKASH PATIL

doi:10.56093/ijas.v89i3.87577

Authors

A K SRIVASTAVA Principal Scientist, Soil Science, ICAR-CCRI Nagpur.
D H PAITHANKAR Professor, Horticulture, Dr P D Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra
K T VENKATARAMANA Professor, Horticulture, Dr Y S R Horticultural University, Tirupati
BINITA HAZARIKA Scientist, Horticulture, CRS, AAU, Tinsukia, Asom
PRAKASH PATIL Project Co-ordinator (Fruits), ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru.

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v89i3.87577

Keywords:

Citrus, INM, Quality, Soil fertility, Soil health, Yield

Abstract

Sustainability in quality production and ensuring a tangible soil health, are the two most discerning challenges, which the fruit crops are likely to confront with in years to come. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is one such option, which exploits the synergy of divergent nutrient sources. As many as four modules of INM (T2: RDF + VAM 500 g/plant + PSB 100g/plant + Azospirillum 50g/plant; T3 : 100% RDF + VAM 500 g/plant + PSB 100g/ plant + Azospirillum 100g/plant + T. harzianum 100g/plant; T4 : 75% RDF + VAM 500 g/plant + PSB 100g/plant + Azospirillum 100g/plant and T5 :50% RDF + VAM 500 g/plant + PSB g/plant + Azospirillum 100g/plant + T.harzianum 100g/plant) were tested against inorganic mineral fertilization T1 (Recommended dose of fertilizers, RDF (900 N- 225 P2O5-225 K2O g/plant for Nagpur mandarin, 450 N- 225 P2O5 â€“ 450 K2O g/plant for Khasi mandarin and 1125 N- 263 P2O5 - 300 K2O g/plant for Sathgudi sweet orange) as control in 11-12 year-old Nagpur mandarin orchard established on Vertisols at Akola, Maharashtra (2009-15); Khasi mandarin on Alfisols at Tinsukia, Asom (2009-15) and Sathgudi sweet orange on Inceptisols at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh (2006-19) under All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits. Based on pooled data analysis, treatment T4 with 75% RDF + VAM (500 g/plant) + PSB (100 g/plant) + Azospirillum (100 g/plant) + T. harzianum (100 g/plant) produced by far the best response over T1 control in Nagpur mandarin grown on Vertisol. Similarly, in Khasi mandarin, raised on Alfisol, T4 was observed significantly superior over T1 control. While in Sathgudi sweet orange on Alfisol, T4 surpassed rest of the other treatments including T1 control. Soil health parameters were significantly better with treatment T4 exploiting the efficacy of INM module than treatment T1 as control. The review on recommendations of INM on a variety of fruit crops (Guava, mango, banana, papaya, pomegranate, aonla, litchi, sapota, lemon) revealed similar combinations. These observations provided a countrywide database that INM module which consists of nutrient sources having three-tier nutrient release pattern, has far reaching consequences on soil and plant health ranslating into real guard production sustainability, nearer to climate resilient fruit crops.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alvardo A, Araya R, Bornemisza E and Hernandez R L.1994. Nutritional studies in eleven citrus cultivars and one local selection in the Atlantic zone of Costa Rica major and minor elements. Agronomia Coastarricense 18(1): 13–9.

Araya R, Alvardo A, Hernandez R L and Bornemisza E. 1994. Nutritional studies in eleven citrus cultivars and one local selection in the Atlantic zone of Costa Rica. II Micronutrients. Agronomia Costarricense 18(1): 21–7.

Aso P J and Dantur N C. 1970. Citrus nutrient deficiencies in Tucuman. Revista Industrial y Agricola de Tucuman 47(2): 10–61.

Awasthi R P, Singh Gurudev and Sharma R C. 1984. A survey of the mineral nutrients status of mandarin orchards in Nagpur area of Himachal Pradesh. Punjab Horticultural Journal 24: 27–36.

Barne, Varsha G, Bharad S G, Dod V N and Baviskar M N. 2011. Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of guava. Asian Journal of Horticulture 6: 546–8.

Bhalerao N M, Patil N M, Badgujar C O and Patil D R. 2009. Studies on integrated nutrient management for tissue cultured Grand Naine banana. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 43: 107–12.

Bhargava B S. 2002. Leaf analysis for nutrient diagnosis recommendation and management in fruit crops. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science 50(4): 352–73.

Bornemisza E, Hernandez R L, Chaverri W and Veracochea M F. 1985. Annual variation of foliar levels of seven nutrients in Persian lime and San Fernando and Frost nuclellar Lisbon lemons in Costa Rica. Agronomia Costarricense 9(2): 135–141.

Caetano A A, Rodriguez O, Hiroce R and Bataglia C C. 1984. Nutritional survey forty sweet orange groves in Babedauro, S P, Brazil. (In) Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture, July 15-20, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1: 151–4.

Dahama A K. 1994. Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture, pp 1–52. Agro Botanica, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.

Dalal S R, Gonge V S, Jogdande N O and Moharia A. 2004. Response of different levels of nutrients and PSB on fruit yield and economics of sapota. PKV Research Journal 28: 126–8.

Dass H C, Srivastava A K, Lallan Ram, and Shyam Singh. 1998. Flowering behaviour of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) as affected by vertical variation in physico-chemical composition. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 68(10): 692–4.

Dhatt A S. 1989. Nutrient management in citrus with special reference to Kinnow. (In) Proc. Citriculture in North-western India, Punjab Agricultural, University, Ludhiana (Punjab), pp 157–67.

Duncan J. 1969. Citrus nutrition survey - MIA. Farmer Newsletter 105: 17–19.

Dutta P. Maji S B and Das B C. 2009. Studies on the response of bio-fertilizer on growth and productivity of guava. Indian Journal of Horticulture 66: 39–42.

Dutta P, Kundu S and Biswas S. 2010. Integrated nutrient management in litchi cv Bombai in new alluvial zone of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Horticulture 67: 181–4.

Dwivedi V. 2013. Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield, quality and economics of Guava. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 15: 149–51.

El-Fouly M M, Fawzi A F A, Firgany A H and El-Bazi F K. 1984. Micronutrient status of crops in selected areas of Egypt. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 15(10): 1175–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628409367550

Ercivan S. 1974. Incidence of zinc deficiency on satsuma mandarin trees in Izmir. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology 3(1/2): 51–6.

Ferguson J J. 1990b. Florida organic farming and food bill. Citrus Industry 71(7): 45–8.

Ferguson J J. 1994. Organic citrus production: Certification and production guidelines. Citrus Industry 75(3): 40–4.

Fidalski J and Auler P A M. 1997. Nutritional survey of orange plantations in northwest Parana. Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia 40(2): 443–51.

Ghosh S N, Roy S N and Bora B. 2012. Nitrogen and potassium nutrition in sapota grown in lateriate soil. Journal of Crop and Weed 8: 152–4.

Ghosh S P. 2000. Nutrient management in fruit crops. Fertilizer News 45: 71–6.

Ghosh S P and Singh R. 1993. Citrus in South Asia, RAPA Publication, FAO, Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand, p 21.

Goh K M. 2004. Carbon sequestration and stabilization in soils: Implications for soil productivity and climate change. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 50: 467–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2004.10408502

Goswami, Kumar A, Shant L and Misra K K. 2012. Integrated nutrient management improves growth and leaf nutrient status of guava cv Pant Prabhat. Indian Journal of Horticulture Sciences 69: 168–72.

Gupta R P, Pandey S P and Tripathi B P. 1989. Soil properties and availability of nutrient element in mandarin growing areas of Dhankuta districts. PAC Technical Paper 113, Pokhbar Agricultural Centre, Dhankuta, Nepal.

Haggag L F, Maksoud M A and El-Barkouky F M Z. 1995. Alternate bearing of Balady mandarin as influenced by nutritional status of tree. Annals of Agricultural Sciences (Cairo) 40: 759–64.

Halse N J. 1963. Control of copper, zinc, and manganese deficiencies in fruit trees. J. Agric. Western Australia 4: 241–4.

Haq Izhar U I, Ghani Abdul and Habibur-Ur-Rehman. 1995. Nutritional status of citrus orchards in NWFP and the effect of fertilizer application on fruit production. Technical Bulletin 1/95. Directorate of Soil and Plant Nutrition, Agri. Res. Instt. Tarnab, Peshawar, N W F P, Pakistan, pp 1–36.

Haque A and Godfrey S A. 1976. Nutritional survey of citrus orchards in Sierra Leone. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 7(19): 843–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103627609366692

Hasan M A, Manna M, Dutta P, Bhattacharya K, Mandal S, Banerjee H, Ray S K and Jha S. 2012. Integrated nutrient management in improving fruit quality of Mango ‘Himsagar’. IX International Mango Symposium ISHS Acta Horticulturae. 992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.992.20

Hazarika B N and Ansari S. 2010. Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of banana cv. Jahaji. Indian Journal of Horticulture 67: 270–3.

Hebbarai M, Ganiger V M, Masthana R B G and Joshi V R. 2006. Integrated nutrient management in sapota (Manikara zapota) using vermicompost to increase yield and quality. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 76: 587–90.

He Z L, Yao H, G Chen, J Zhu and Huang C Y. 1997. Relationship of crop yield to microbial biomass in highly weathered soils of China. (In) Plànt Nutrition Sustainable Food Production and Environment, pp. 745–6. T Ando, K Fujita, T Mae, H Matsumoto, S Mori, and J Sekiya (Eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Tokyo.

He Z L, Yao H, Chen G, Zhu J and Huang C Y. 1997b. Relationship of crop yield to microbial biomass in highly weathered soils of China. (In) Plànt Nutrition Sustainable Food Production and Environment, pp 745–6. T Ando et al. (Eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Tokyo, Japan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_239

Hellin E, Urena R, Sevilla F, Gimenez J L and Alcaraz C F. 1988. Effects of several Fe-chelates on the iron leaf content of Verna lemon trees. (In) Proc. 6th International Citrus Congress, Vol 1. Goren R and Mendel K (Eds). Mar 6-11, Tel Aviv, Israel, pp 555–60.

Ishii T and Kadoya K. 1996. Utilisation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in citrus orchards. (In) Proceedings of the. International Society of Citriculture,Vol 2. May 12-17, Sun City, South Africa, pp 777–80.

Intrigliolo F and Stagno F. 2001. Organic fertilizers in citrus crops. Rivista di Frutticoltura e di Ortofloricoltura 63(11): 75–9.

Joa Jae-Ho, Han-Choel Lim, Seung-Gap Han, Kyung Hwan Moon and Seung-Jong Jeon. 2006. Microbial activities in dark brown volcanic ash soils was affected by different fertilizer application methods in citrus orchard. (In) 18th World Congresss on Soil Science (Abstracts). Pennsylvania, USA.

Jones WW, Embleton T W and Coggins Jr C W. 1975. Starch content of roots of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin trees bearing fruit in alternate years. Horticulture Sciences 10: 514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.10.5.514

Khehra S and Bal J S. 2014. Influence of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on growth of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.) cv Baramasi. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 2: 126–9.

Kihara T, Iwagaki I, Okuda H and Kawase K. 1995. Alternate fruit branch fruit cluster in Satsuma mandarin : new fruit control method for biennial bearing prevention and quality improvement. Bull, Fruit Tree Res. Sta. Okitsn, Japan, 27, pp 26–32.

Kimani W. 1984. The influence of mineral nutrition on the severity of citrus greening disease in Kenya. (In) Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture, July 15-20, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Vol 1, pp 172–3.

Kim J C, Chung S M and Kong S J. 1969. Studies on the nutritional status of Korean citrus trees (Citrus unshiu Marc.) by means of leaf analysis. Research Report Division of Agriculture Korea 12(2): 45–51.

Kirad K S, Barche S and Singh D B. 2010. Integrated nutrient management in papaya cv. Surya. Acta Horticulturae 1: 377–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.851.57

Kohli R R, Srivastava A K and Shivankar V J. 1998. Organic culture in citrus cultivation. Indian Horticulture 43: 12–5.

Koo R C J. 1982. Use of leaf, fruit and soil analysis in estimating potassium status of orange trees. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 75: 67–72.

Kozaki I. 1981. Introduction to citriculture in Japan. (In) Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture, 9-12 Nov, Tokyo, Japan, Vol 1, pp 28–33.

Kuttimani R, Velayudham Somasundram E and Muthukrishnan P. 2013. Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and economics of banana. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences 2: 191–5.

Li J, Shi Q and Zeng W X. 1998. Study on rational fertilizer application in citrus orchards in Fujian province by nutritional diagnosis. International Journal of Fruit Science 15(2): 145–9.

Majorana G. 1960. Symptoms of copper deficiency experimentally confirmed on sweet orange and mandarin trees in Catania province. Teen Agriculture 12: 645–61.

McCall WW. 1965. Zinc deficiency of citrus in Thialand. Kasterast Journal 5: 1–9.

Manjunath A, Mohan R and Bagyaraj D J. 1983. Responses of citrus to VAM inoculation in unsterile soils. Canadian Journal of Botany 61: 2779–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/b83-300

Mandal K K, Rajak A, Debnath S and Hasan M A. 2013. Integrated nutrient management in aonla cv A-7 in the red lateritic region of West Bengal. Journal of Crop and Weed 9: 121–3.

Monselise S P and Goldschmidt E F. 1982. Alternate bearing in fruit trees - A review. Horticultural Review 4: 128–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06519-6_5

Moon D Y, Kwon H M, Lee W J and Hong S B. 1980. Studies on the nutritional diagnosis of Jeju orchards by leaf analysis. Research Report, Office Rural Development Horticulture and Sericulture, Suwon, Korea.

Moss G I, Bevington K B, Gallasch P T and El-Zaftawi B M. 1981. Alternate cropping of Valencia oranges, Dept. Agriculture Science Bulletin, New South Wales, New Zealand. Vol 88 pp 1–27.

Obreza T A and Ozores-Hampton M. 2000. Management of organic amendments in Florida citrus production system. Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida 59: 22–7.

Paroda R S. 1999. Soil fertility management - certain issues. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science 47: 580–1.

Patel V B, Singh S K, Asrey Ram, Nain Lata, Singh A K and Laxman Singh. 2009. Microbial and inorganic fertilizers application influenced vegetative growth, yield, leaf nutrient status and soil microbial biomass in sweet orange cv Mosambi. Indian Journal of Horticulture 66: 163–8.

Patil V K and Shinde B N. 2013. Studies on integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of banana cv. Ardhapuri (Musa AAA). Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 5: 130–8.

Penkov M, Al-Alami A and Krhistova D. 1979. Causes of chlorosis of clementines grown in the Sous river valley in Morocco. Pochoznonic i Agrokhimiya 14(2): 81–90.

Pennisi L. 1975. Studies on the nutrient status of citrus in experimental fields in Sicily, Calabria and Brasilicata. Annali dell’ Instituto Sperimentale per Agrumicoltura 6: 323–37.

Pinto M R and Leal P F.1974.The nutritional status of some orange orchards in the Valles Altos of Carabobo, Venezuela. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia Venezuela 8(1): 71–80.

Ram R A and Rajput M S. 2000. Role of biofertilizers and manures on production of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Science 29: 193–4.

Rao A C S. 1993 Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies of citrus orange orchards in Jiroff valley of Iran. Agrochimica 37(1/2): 41–54.

Ray Dutta S K, Takawale P V, Chatterjee R and Hnamte V. 2014. Yield and quality of pomegranate as influenced by organic and inorganic nutrients. Bioscan 9: 317–620.

Reuther W. 1973. Climate and citrus behaviour. Citrus Industry. 3rd edn, pp 280–337. University of California., USA, Davis.

Rojas E. 1998. Floral response of Tahiti lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) to foliar sprays of hydrogen cyanamide. Fruits (Paris) 53(1): 35–40.

Saatci N and Mur B Y. 2000. Relationships between concentration of iron, macro and micronutrients in satsuma mandarin leaves (Citrus unshiu. Macf.). Journal of Plant Nutrition 23(11/12): 1745–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160009382138

Salem S E, Ibrahim T A, Gudy L F and Myhod M. 1995. Response of Balady mandarin trees to foliar application of iron, zinc, manganese and urea under sandy soil. Bull Faculty of Horticulture, University of Cairo 46(2): 277–88.

Shah A S, Mohammad W, Shah M S, Ali E R and Haroon A A B. 2014. Integrated effect of organic and inorganic nitrogen on peach fruit yield and orchard fertility. Agricultural Science Research Journal 4: 78–82.

Shaked A and Shkenazy S. 1984. Single citrumelo as a new citrus rootstock in Israel. (In) Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture, 15-20 July, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Vol 1, pp 48–50.

Shukla A K, Sarolia D K, Bhavana Kumari, Kaushik R A, Mahawer L N and Bairwa H L. 2009. Evaluation of substrate dynamics for integrated nutrient management under high density planting of guava cv. Sardar. Indian Journal of Horticulture 66: 461–4.

Singh S R and Banik B C. 2011. Response of integrated nutrient management on flowering. Fruits 42: 151–4.

Singh J K and Varu D K. 2013. Effect of integrated nutrient management in papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv Madhubindu. Asian Journal of Horticulture 8: 667–70.

Singh S K, Thakur N and Sharma Y. 2012. Effective nutrient management in fruit crops. Asian Journal of Horticulture 7: 606–9.

Singh S R and Banik B C. 2011. Response of integrated nutrient management on flowering, fruit setting, yield and fruit quality in mango cv. Himsagar (Mangifera indica L.). Asian Journal of Horticulture 6: 151–4.

Smith P F. 1976. Collapse of ‘Murcott’ tangerine trees. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 101: 23–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.101.1.23

Srivastava A K. 2009. Integrated nutrient management: Concept and application in citrus. Citrus II. Tennant P and Beakebhia N (Eds). Tree & Forestry Science & Biotechnology 3(1): 32–58.

Srivastava A K. 2010a. Development of INM to harmonize with improved citrus production: Changing scenario. Journal of Advanced Plant Physiology 12: 294–8.

Srivastava A K. 2010b. Integrated nutrient management in citrus: Frontier developments. Indian Journal of Fertilisers 6(11): 34–44.

Srivastava A K. 2011. Site specific potassium management for quality production of citrus. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 24(1): 60–6.

Srivastava A K. 2013a. Nutrient management in Nagpur mandarin: Frontier developments. Journal of Agricultural Science 2(1): 1–14.

Srivastava A K. 2013b. Site specific nutrient management in citrus. Journal of Agricultural Science 2(2): 1.

Srivastava A K. 2013c. Recent developments in diagnosis and management of nutrient constraints in acid lime. Journal of Agricultural Science 2(3): 86–96.

Srivastava A K. 2013d. Nutrient deficiency symptomology in citrus: An effective diagnostic tool or just an aid for post–mortem analysis. Journal of Agricultural Science 2(6): 177–94.

Srivastava A K, Das S N, Malhotra S K and Majumdar K. 2014. SSNM-based rationale of fertilizer use in perennial crops: A review. Journal of Agricultural Science 84(1): 3–17.

Srivastava A K, Huchche A D, Lallan Ram and Singh S. 2007a. Yield prediction in intercropped versus monocropped citrus orchards. Scientia Horticulturae 114: 67–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.05.005

Srivastava A K and Kohli R R. 1997. Soil suitability criteria for citrus - An appraisal. Agriculture Review 18(3): 134–46.

Srivastava A K and Malhotra S K. 2014. Nutrient management in fruit crops: Issues and strategies. Indian Journal of Fertilisers 10(12): 72–88.

Srivastava A K, Malhotra S K and Krishna Kumar N K. 2015a. Exploiting nutrient-microbe synergy in unlocking productivity potential of perennial fruits: A review. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85(4): 459–81.

Srivastava A K and Ngullie E. 2009. Integrated nutrient management: Theory and practice. Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant 3(1): 1–30.

Srivastava A K and Shirgure P S. 2018. Nutrient diagnostics and fertilizer prescription in Citrus: A perspective analysis. Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture 13(2): 1–17.

Srivastava A K, Shirgure P S and Singh S. 2003. Differential fertigation response of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on an alkaline Inceptisol under sub-humid tropical climate. Tropical Agriculture 80(2): 91–6.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2001a. Soil properties influencing yield and quality of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Indian Society of Soil Science 49(1): 226–9.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2001b. Soil fertility limit in relation to optimum yield of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Indian Society of Soil Science 49(4): 758–62.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2001c. Development of optimum soil property limits in relation to fruit yield and quality of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Nagpur mandarin. Tropical Agriculture 78(3): 174–81.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2002. Soil analysis based diagnostic norms for Indian citrus cultivar. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 33(11): 1689–706. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120004816

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2003a. Diagnosis and management of nutrient constraints in citrus. Manual No. 2, National Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, pp 1–70.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2003b. Soil-plant nutrient limits in relation to optimum fruit yield of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cultivar Mosambi. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 73(4): 209–11.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2003c. Plant and soil diagnostic norms for optimum productivity of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Fertilizer News 48(2): 47–63.

Srivastava A K and Singh S 2004a. Soil and plant nutritional constraints contributing to citrus decline in Marathawada region, India. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35(17/18): 2537–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1081/LCSS-200030359

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2004b. Zinc nutrition, a global concern for sustainable citrus production. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 25(3): 5–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v25n03_03

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2004c. Zinc nutrition and citrus decline – A review. Agricultural Reviews 25(3): 173–88.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2005. Diagnosis of nutrient constraints in citrus orchards of humid tropical. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29(6): 1061–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160600689183

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2006a. Biochemical markers and nutrient constraints diagnosis in citrus: A perspective. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29(5): 827–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160600651688

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2006b. Nutrient diagnostics and management in citrus. Technical Bulletin No. 8, National Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, pp 1–130.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2007. DRIS-based nutrient norms for Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 77(6): 363–5.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2008a. Citrus nutrition research in India: Problems and prospects. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 78: 3–16.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2008b. DRIS norms and their field validation in Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Journal of Plant Nutrition 31(6): 1091–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802115359

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2009a. Citrus decline: Soil fertility and plant nutrition. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32(2): 197–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802592706

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2009b. Zinc nutrition in Nagpur mandarin on haplustert. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32(7): 1065–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160902943114

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2015. Site-Specific nutrient management in Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) raised on contrasting soil types. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 47(3): 447–56.

Srivastava A K, Singh S and Albrigo L G. 2008. Diagnosis and remediation of nutrient constraints in citrus. Horticulture Review 34: 277–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470380147.ch5

Srivastava A K, Singh S, Das S N and Harmandeep Singh. 2010. Delineation of productivity zones in mandarin orchards using DRIS and GIS. Better Crops – South Asia 4(1): 13–5.

Srivastava A K, Singh S and Huchche A D. 2012. Evaluation of INM in citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco): Biometric response, soil carbon and nutrient dynamics. International Journal of Innovative Horticulture 1(2): 126–34.

Srivastava A K, Singh S and Huchche A D. 2015b. Evaluation of INM in citrus on Vertic Ustochrept: Biometric response and soil health. Journal of Plant Nutrition 38(5): 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.944712

Srivastava A K, Singh S and Marathe R A. 2002. Organic citrus: Soil fertility and plant nutrition. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 19(3): 5–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v19n03_03

Srivastava A K, Singh S and Tiwari K N. 2006. Site specific nutrient management for Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Better Crops 88(2): 22–5.

Srivastava A K, Singh S and Tiwari K N. 2007b. Diagnostic tools for citrus: their use and implications in India. Better Crops – India 1(1): 26–9.

Takatsuji T and Ishihara M. 1980. Studies on the potassium nutrition of satsuma III. Influence of cold hardiness and leaf composition. Bulletin. No. 7; Fruit Tree Res. Sta. (Yatabe), Ibaraki, Japan, pp 45–62.

Tripathi B P and Harding A H. 2001. Nutrient status of mandarin trees in some mandarin growing pockets of Lamzung and Gorkha districts of Nepal. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 49(3): 503–6.

Tucker D P H, Alva A K, Jackson L K and Wheaton T A. 1995. Nutrition of Florida citrus trees. SP 169, University. of Florida Coop. Ext. Service, Gainesville, Florida, USA, p 61.

Umer I, Wali V W, Kher R and Jamwal M. 2009. Effect of FYM, urea and Azotobacter on growth, yield and quality of strawberry cv. Chandler. Notulae Botancae Horti Agrobotanici. Chuj- Napoca. 37: 139–43.

Velayutham M, Pal D K, and Bhattacharya T. 1999. Organic carbon stock in soils of India. (In) Global Climatic Change and Tropical Ecosystems. Lal R, Kimble J M, Eswaran H, Stewart B A (Eds). pp 71–96. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203753187-4

Veregara I, Schalscha B E, Ruiz I and Wallihan E F. 1973. Nutritional status of representative citrus orchards in Chile as evaluated by leaf and soil analysis. Horticultural Science 8(4): 325–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.8.4.325

Wada M, Shimogoori Y, and Hatano H. 1981. Behaviour of surface applied cations in the soil of a satsuma mandarin orchard. Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture, 2: 544–8.

Weir C C. 1969. Investigation on the mineral nutrition of citrus in Caribbean area. Technical Bulletin No. 2, Citrus Research Unit, University West Indies, West Indies, pp 69.

Weir C C. 1971. Correction of magnesium deficiency of citrus trees in the Caribbean area. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 48(4): 351–6

Wu Q S and Srivastava A K. 2015. Effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth behavior and carbohydrate metabolism of trifoliate orange under different substrate P levels. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 34: 499–508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-015-9485-x

Yadav R, Singh B H, Singh H K and Yadav A L. 2007. Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity and quality of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) fruits. Plant Archives (1&2): 881–3.

Yin K L, Li Y G, Wang C Q and Wang S L. 1998. Specifically prescribed fertilization for cirus trees and the principle component of analysis of foliar Fe and Zn and other nutrient elements. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University 20(3): 1989–92.

Zekri M. 1995. Nutritional deficiencies in citrus trees : nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Citrus Industry 8: 58–60.

Zhang M, Alva A K, Li Y C and Calvert D V. 1997. Chemical association of Cu, Zn, Mn and Pb in selected sandy soils. Soil Science 162: 189–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199703000-00003

Zhou B and Alva A K. 1993. Distribution of trace metals in some sandy soils under citrus production. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57: 350–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700020011x