Lentil (Lens culinaris) in India: Present status aaad future perspectives

Abstract

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikuss) is grown in 1.4 million ha in India, out of which 86-90% is grown in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. Out of the 34 varieties released in India till date, 13 have been developed by hybridization, mostly from the parents not distantly related. Narrow genetic base of the presently cultivated varieties and losses due to the biotic and abiotic factors remain the main causes of concern. Introgression of genes between microsperma and macrosperma groups of lentil, from closely related species like L. culinaris subspp orientalis, from Vicia and the use of biotechnological tools, wherever necessary have been recommended by various workers to broaden the genetic base of this crop. Direct selection for grain yield, through important yield components like pods/plant, seeds/pod, seed weight, plant height and branches/plant, increasing harvest index, increasing biomass, breeding early-maturing varieties, development of bold-seeded varieties for export purposes and breeding for better seed quality have been recommended. Breeding varieties resistant to wilts, blight, rust and to the abiotic stresses like frost and high temperature incidence remain breeder's top priorities. There is potential to bring 1 million ha more under this crop in India and increase productivity from 759 kg to about 1000 kg/ha. Timely plantings with recommended plant populations and inputs have been found critical in realizing the optimal yields. Value-addition to the crop produce in its various parameters will help in creating demand and enhancing exports.