Development of Multi-dimensional Scale to Measure the Abilities of Rural Women towards Entrepreneurship
![](/public/icon/gor.png)
![](/public/icon/pdf.png)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Entrepreneurship has emerged as a powerful tool for rural women's empowerment, offering them opportunities to generate income, build self-confidence, and transform their lives. By engaging in entrepreneurial activities, rural women can leverage their skills, creativity, and local knowledge to establish and manage businesses that address the unique needs and challenges of their communities. The present study aimed to develop and validate a multi-dimensional scale for evaluating rural women's entrepreneurial skills, essential for empowering communities through the establishment of small businesses promoting economic progress. The study was conducted in 2023. 60 attitudinal items were initially gathered, evaluated for relevance, and examined. The scale's final composition included 41 statements spread across six sub-dimensions viz. Cognitive skill, Motivational skill, Social & Relational skill, Management skill, Technical skill and Strategic skill. Cronbach's Alpha was used to assess reliability, and the resultant coefficient of 0.81 was satisfactory. Expert evaluation was used to check the validity of the content. Researchers in relevant fields can use this standardized scale to evaluate rural women's entrepreneurial abilities, either as is or with adjustments, promoting empowerment and community development.
References
Bardhan, T. and Bhardwaj, N., Construction of knowledge test to assess knowledge level of farmers of northern India regarding conservation agricultural practices in wheat. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development., 2022, 17(2), 1-6. DOI:10.22271/maths.2023.v8.i5Sb.1177
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334.
Edwards, A. L. (1957). Techniques of attitude scale construction. Vakils, Feffer and Simons Inc. New York.
Gupta, S. K., Nain, M. S., Singh, R. and Mishra, J. R.(2022). Development of scale to measure agripreneurs attitude towards entrepreneurial climate. Indian Journal of Extension Education., 2022, 58(2), 153-157. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2022.58237
Jadoun, Y. (2021). Gender Mainstreaming through Livestock Entrepreneurship. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 55(2), 61–69. Retrieved from https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJEE/article/view/109201
Kashid, P.P. Wankhade, D.M. Mankar, K. (2022). Empowerment Status of Rural Women through Self Help Groups. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 45(3&4), 106–112. Retrieved from https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJEE/article/view/122891
KC, S., M, J. K., Varghese, E., Srivastava, S., I, R., Balakrishnan, R., & Gills, R. (2021). Empowerment of Smallholder Women Farmers through Self-Help Groups in South-West India. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 57(2), 31–37. Retrieved from https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJEE/article/view/111666
Krishna, V. V., Keil, A., Jain, M., Zhou, W., Jose, M., Subhas, S. P., Barba-Excoto, L., Singh, B., Jat, M. L. and Erenstein, O., Conservation agriculture benefits Indian farmers, but technology targeting needed for greater impacts. Frontiers in Agronomy., 2022, 4, 27-32. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.772732
Kumari, K., Singh, K., & Ahmad, N. (2021). Impact of Migration on Women Empowerment: A Situational Analysis of North-Bihar. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(1), 101–105. Retrieved from https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJEE/article/view/119170
Mohanty, A.K., Kumar, G.A.K., Singh, B.B. and Meera, S.N., Developing Multidimensional Scale for Effective Measurement of Rural Leadership. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education., 2009, 9(2). https://seea.org.in/uploads/pdf/v09212.pdf
Nain M. S., Singh Rashmi, Mishra J. R., Sharma J. P., Singh A. K., Kumar A., Gills R., Suman R. S. (2019). Maximising farm profitability through entrepreneurship development and farmers’ innovations: feasibility analysis and action interventions. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 89(6), 1044-49. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v89i6.90833
Priyanka, P., Tigga, A. S., & Kumari, M. (2021). Empowerment Level of Employed Women in Decision Making. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 55(1), 97–100. Retrieved from https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJEE/article/view/109252
Ramu, G. M. and Asokhan, M., A scale to measure attitude of farmers towards conservation agricultural practices. The Pharma Innovation Journal., 2021, 10(11), 486-491. https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2021/vol10issue11S/PartH/S-10-10-220-854.pdf
Ray, G. L. and Mondal, S., Research methods in social sciences and extension education. Kalyani Publishers., 2021, New Delhi. https://www.amazon.in/Research-Methods-Sciences-Extension-Education/dp/8127267465
Shamna, A., Jha, S., Alam, N., Naik, R., & Kar, G. (2021). Assessment of Technological Interventions in Farm Women Empowerment. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(1), 142–145. Retrieved from https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJEE/article/view/119180
Shashi Bhushan Kumar, M. K. A. K. P. P. (2022). Impact of Home science training on Rural Women. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 45(3&4), 131–133. Retrieved from https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJEE/article/view/122896
Shitu, G. A., Nain, M. and Kobba, F., Development of scale for assessing farmers’ attitude towards precision conservation agricultural practices. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences., 2018, 88(3), 498-503.
Singh R., Nain M.S., Sharma J.P., Mishra J.R., & Burman R.R. (2014). Institutional convergence of synergistic strengths for developing women agripreneurs. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 50 (3&4), 1-7.
Singh Rashmi, Nain M.S., Sharma J.P. & Mishra J.R. (2016). Developing agripreneurship for sustainable farm income: action research study on women farmers of Hapur district, Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 11(1),127-135.
Singh, D., Kaur, P. and Singh, D.(2021) A Standardized Scale to Measure the Attitude of Farmers Towards Zero-Till Drill. Indian Journal of Extension Education., 57(2), 11-18. https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijee/article/view/4129
Som, S., Burman, R. R., Sharma, J. P., Padaria, R. N., Iquebal, M. A. and Suresh, A., Construction of Multi-dimensional Scale for Measuring Perception towards Migration. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development., 2018, 13(2), 279-285.https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/42859/1/Construction%20of%20multidimensional%20scale%20for%20measuring%20perception%20towards%20migration.pdf
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Indian Society of Extension Education, Division of Agricultural ExtensionICAR- IARI, New Delhi
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- The manuscripts once accepted and published in the Indian Journal of Extension Education will automatically become the property of the Indian Society of Extension Education, New Delhi. The Chief Editor on behalf of the Indian Journal of Extension Education holds the copyright.