Psychometric Scale Development for the Measurement of Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Vegetable Growers
152 / 82
Abstract
The study conducted in 2025 developed and standardised a valid and dependable psychometric scale to assess vegetable growers’ entrepreneurial behaviour. An initial pool of 76 statements was produced using Likert’s summated rating approach. Following editing, 86 experts tested the statements for relevancy using mean relevancy score, relevancy weightage, and relevancy percentage. The crucial ratio (t-value) method was used to analyse the replies of 60 vegetable growers who were chosen from non-sample locations. 33 statements were ultimately chosen to be included in the scale based on discrimination power. The split- half approach was used to determine the instrument’s reliability, and the results showed excellent internal consistency and elevated levels of Cronbach’s alpha value (0.891 and 0.955) and a satisfactory Guttman Split- half Coefficient (0.720). Expert judgement was used to guarantee content reliability and validity. Researchers, extension specialists, and legislators should find the developed scale to be a helpful tool for evaluating entrepreneurial behaviour and creating need-based interventions to improve the entrepreneurial skills of vegetable growers.
References
Bhaskar, M. U., Rao, M. S., & Sathya Gopal, P. V. (2020). Entrepreneurial behaviour of commercial floriculture nursery owners in Kadiyam of Andhra Pradesh. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 55(4), 1-6.
Cronbach, L.J. (1946). A case study of the split-half reliability coefficient. Journal of Educational Psychology,37(1), 473:480. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054328
Deepika, M., Gopal, P.V., Reddy, K., Sailaja, V., Reddy, G.K., & Kumari, P. (2024). Development and standardisation of scale to measure attitude of the farmers towards natural farming: A sustainable environmental approach. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change. 14(5):367-74. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54196
Edwards, A. L., & Kilpatrick, F. P. (1948). A technique for the construction of attitude scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32(4), 374–384. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0057313
Edwards, A.L. (1957). Techniques of attitude scale construction. New York: Irvington publishers Inc; https://doi.org/10.1037/14423-000
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2021). International year of fruits and vegetables 2021: Background paper. FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2395en
Goode, W.J. and Hatt, P.K. (1952). Methods in Social Research, McGraw Hill, New York
Gupta B., Kher S.K. & Nain M.S. (2013). Entrepreneurial behaviour and constraints encountered by dairy and poultry entrepreneurs in Jammu Division of J&K State. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 49 (3&4), 126-129.
Gupta S. K. Nain M.S. , Singh R., Mishra J R., & Lata A. (2023). Exploring the entrepreneurial climate and attributes of agripreneurs and its determinants. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 59 (2), 93-97. http://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2023.59220
Gupta S. K., Nain, M.S., Singh, R. & Mishra J.R. (2022). Development of scale to measure agripreneurs attitude towards entrepreneurial climate, Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58 (2),153-57. http://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2022.58237
Gupta, R. K., Saha, A., Tiwari, P. K., Dhakre, D. S., & Gupta, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial behaviour of tribal dairy farmers in Balrampur district of northern hill region of Chhattisgarh. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 55(4), 25-30.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research. (2022). Vegetable production technologies for sustainable agriculture. ICAR, New Delhi.
Kademani S., Nain M.S., Singh R., Dhull S.K., Parsad R., Sharma D.K., & Roy S.K. (2026). Personal and institutional determinants of an effective entrepreneurial intervention, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,28(), 87-101.
Kerlinger, F.N. (1973). Foundations of Behavioural Research.2nd edition”. Hot, Rinehart and Winston
Kobba F., Nain M.S., Singh Rashmi, & Mishra J.R. (2021). Determinants of entrepreneurial success in farm and non-farm sectors: A comparative analysis. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 91(2), 269-73.
Likert, R. (1932). A technique for measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140, 5-55.
Paine, A. K., Saha, A., Tiwari, P. K., Dhakre, D. S., & Gupta, R. K. (2025). Constraints perceived by the vegetable growers towards excessive use of chemicals in Bankura district of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 57(3), 45-47.
Patel, P. C., Patel, J. K., & Macwan, J. K. (2023). Direct and indirect effect between antecedent characteristics of inland fish farmers and their entrepreneurial competence. Gujarat journal of Extension Education,36(1), 65-67. https://doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2023.36.1.0012
Shirur, M., Shivalingegowda, N. S., & Chandregowda, M. J. (2015). Entrepreneurial behaviour of mushroom growers. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 11(1), 61-68.
Singh, J., Dutta, A., Singh, P., Dobhal, A., Manan, D., & Goswami, P. (2023). Entrepreneurial aptitude of women of an aspirational district of Uttarakhand. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 59(2), 103-107.
Singh, P., Manhas, J. S., & Parihar, P., (2024). A scale to measure entrepreneurial traits of mushroom growers. Gujarat Journal of Extension Education. 37(1),1–8. https://doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2024.37.1.0001
Thakur, P., & Sharma, D. D., (2017). Farmer’s attitude towards modern farm mechanization. International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture (IJAPSA). 2(8),158-164.
Thurstone, L. L., & Chave, E. J., (1929). The measurement of attitude. Chicago University Press, USA. Pp 39-40. https://doi.org/10.1037/11574-007
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Society of Extension Education, Division of Agricultural ExtensionICAR- IARI, New Delhi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- The manuscripts once accepted and published in the Indian Journal of Extension Education will automatically become the property of the Indian Society of Extension Education, New Delhi. The Chief Editor on behalf of the Indian Journal of Extension Education holds the copyright.