Factors Influencing Farmers’ Perception of Climate Variability and Change in Kano State, Nigeria

Abstract

The study examined the socio-economic determinant of farmers’ perception of climate change in Kano State, Nigeria in 2025. A quantitative research design was employed using structured questionnaires received from 369 farmers with minimum of 10 years’ experience. Descriptive statistics, composite perception index and multiple linear analysis were used for analysis of data. The level of perception index indicate a high level of climate change awareness among farmers (Mean =3.11), while rainfall unpredictability, temperature changes and declining agricultural productivity being the most perceived indicators. Multiple regression analysis showed that annual household income, farming experience, age, and education positively and significantly influenced farmers’ perception of climate change (R² = .636, p < 0.05). Contrarily, source of information had significant and negative effect, highlighting that increase access to information does not necessarily means better understanding because of issues around quality and reliability. The study concludes that while farmers perceived climate change, their understanding level is driven by socio-economic variables and reliable sources of information. The study recommends focus on improving access to education, enhancing extension services and ensuring dissemination of reliable climate information to strengthen farmers’ ability to respond to climate change.