Understanding the adoption behaviour of climate-smart agriculture practices among farmers in Saran, Bihar

Rohan Kumar Singh; N R Meena; Kumar Sonu; Vinay Kumar Singh; Swarima Singh; Ritesh Singh; Abhay Kumar Patel; Rahul Kumar; Ajay Verma

doi:10.48165/IJEE.2026.62416

Authors

Rohan Kumar Singh M.Sc Scholar, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P., India
N R Meena Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P., India
Kumar Sonu Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P., India https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7922-4609
Vinay Kumar Singh Associate Professor (Horticulture), College of Agriculture, Kotwa, Azamgarh
Swarima Singh M.Sc Student, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P., India
Ritesh Singh Guest Faculty, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P., India
Abhay Kumar Patel Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P., India
Rahul Kumar Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P., India
Ajay Verma Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P., India

https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2026.62416

Keywords:

Climate change agriculture, Adoption level, Principal component analysis, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Bihar

Abstract

Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) represents a transformational approach that integrates agricultural productivity, climate change adaptation, and mitigation objectives. The study was conducted in Saran district of Bihar during 2025–26 to assess the adoption behaviour of CSA practices and to identify the socio-economic and psychological factors influencing such adoption. A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 160 respondents from 16 villages across four blocks. Data were collected through a pre-tested structured interview schedule and analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results revealed that pest risk and advisory management recorded the highest adoption index (51.09), while sustainability, income, and environmental practices were least adopted (40.54). Annual income (r = 0.537), knowledge (r = 0.425), and mass media exposure (r = 0.287) emerged as the most significant correlates of adoption. PCA yielded seven meaningful components explaining 66.84% of the total variance. Family type was the only categorical variable significantly associated with adoption behaviour (H = 4.24, p < 0.05). The study underscores the pivotal role of knowledge enhancement, income support, and media-based communication in promoting CSA adoption among smallholder farmers in Bihar.

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