Decoding the Barriers to Dairy Intervention Adoption among Farmers: A Principal Component Analysis from Uttar Pradesh, India
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Authors
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Ashutosh Suryavanshi
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, 210001, Uttar Pradesh, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8753-2750
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B. K. Gupta
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, 210001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gaurav Mishra
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, 210001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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A. P. Verma
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, 210001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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B.P. Mishra
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, 210001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gaurav Shukla
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, 210001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Keywords:
Constraint Severity Index, Farmer’s perception, Principal Component Analysis, Livestock Services, Fodder ScarcityAbstract
The study was conducted during 2025-26 in Banda and Bulandshahr districts of Uttar Pradesh to identify and classify perceived constraints to dairy intervention adoption among farmers. Data were collected from 240 dairy farmers through a structured interview schedule covering 20 constraints. Constraints were analysed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean score, constraint severity index and principal component analysis. The overall constraint severity index was 73.70, indicating a severe constraint situation. High cost of cattle feed ranked first with a WMS of 4.41 and CSI of 88.25, followed by year-round non-availability of green and dry fodder (WMS 4.30; CSI 86.00) and high cost of veterinary medicines and treatment (WMS 4.27; CSI 85.33). The KMO value was 0.808 and Bartlett's test was significant. Five components were retained and together explained 63.83 per cent of total variance. The components represented production-resource and input, animal-health and breeding-service, extension and participation, credit and insurance, and milk-market access and price-realisation constraints. The findings indicated that farmers perceived constraints across production, service, financial and marketing areas of dairy farming.
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The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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