Strengthening ICT-Based Agricultural Extension through Human Capacity and Institutional Support in West Java

Yoyon Haryanto; Fita Dwi Untari; Siti Syamsiah

doi:10.48165/IJEE.2026.62424

Authors

Yoyon Haryanto Bogor Agriculture Development Polytechnic
Fita Dwi Untari Polytechnic of Agricultural Development Bogor, Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Siti Syamsiah Polytechnic of Agricultural Development Bogor, Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2026.62424

Keywords:

Advisory services, Digital communication, Extension workers, Organisational readiness, Rural information systems, Technology adoption

Abstract

Agricultural Extension Centers connect farmers with information, innovation, consultation, and institutional networks. This study analysed the human and institutional factors associated with centre performance and information and communication technology-based agricultural extension in West Java. The study was conducted from May to November 2022 in Subang and Cianjur Regencies. Survey data from 156 extension workers and farmers were complemented by interviews, observations, and document review. Descriptive statistics and partial least squares structural equation modelling were applied. The centres performed strongly as information, development-movement, learning, agribusiness-consultation, and partnership-networking hubs. Digital-extension adoption capacity and sustainability were also rated highly. Positive path coefficients were observed from respondent characteristics to centre performance (0.257) and digital extension (0.293), and from extension support to the same outcomes (0.326 and 0.319, respectively). Extension methods had a negligible coefficient for digital extension (-0.008). Cosmopolitanism, extension-worker competence, infrastructure, institutional support, and regulations were prominent indicators. The findings show that digital advisory services are supported by capable personnel, enabling institutions, reliable infrastructure, and hybrid strategies that combine digital communication with face-to-face facilitation.

References

Amanah, S. (2007). Makna penyuluhan dan transformasi perilaku manusia. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 3(1), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v3i1.2152

Amanah, S., Syamsiah, S., Azhari, R., Snider, A., McNamara, P., & Bhushan, B. (2026). Enhancing extensionists’ capabilities in female farmers’ groups empowerment: An integrative approach. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 62(3), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2026.62316

Anto, A., & Andriansyah. (2020). Analisa tingkat pengetahuan penyuluh terhadap program Kostratani di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian, 1(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.47687/snppvp.v1i1.124

Azhari, R., Amanah, S., Fatchiya, A., & Kinseng, R. A. (2025). The influence of agricultural extension services and livelihood capitals on farmers’ climate resilience in West Java, Indonesia: A structural equation modelling approach. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 15(5), 904–923. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.15.5.904

Azhari, R., Firmansyah, A., Shaliza, F., & Syamsiah, S. (2026). Mapping global research on farmers’ climate resilience and agricultural extension: A bibliometric analysis. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 62(4), 68–83. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2026.62410

Godara S., Bana R. S., Godara S. , Bishnoi, S., Nain M. S., Parsad R.& Marwaha S. (2024).Data-driven insights for agricultural extension services in Rajasthan: A study of kisan call center queries, Indian Journal of Extension Education, 60(1), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2024.60110.

Godara S., Bana R.S., Marwaha S., Parsad R., Nain M.S., Sahu S., Mehta A., Singh D., & Kumar R. (2024). Uncovering farmers' information need through kisan call centre data analytics of Haryana state. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 60(4), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2024.60411.

Kadam, K. R., Ahire, M. C., Dhadwad, M. B., & Dahatonde, A. S. (2026). Effect of soybean digital farmer field school on knowledge levels of respondents in Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 62(1), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2026.62105

Kinasih, T. S., Widiyanto, & Suminah. (2021). Kinerja penyuluh pertanian dalam pelaksanaan program Komando Strategis Pembangunan Pertanian (Kostratani) di Kabupaten Sragen. Agrica Ekstensia, 15(2), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.55127/ae.v15i2.98

Kumar, S. (2025). Determining the knowledge level and accessibility of major ICT tools by farmers in Madhya Pradesh. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(4), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.61417

Niranjan S., Singh D.R., Kumar N.R., Jha G.K., Venkatesh P., Nain M.S, & Krishnakumare B.(2023). Do information networks enhance adoption of sustainable agricultural practices? Evidence from northern dry zone of Karnataka, India, Indian Journal of Extension Education 59 (1), 86-91 http://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2023.59118

Pakpahan, T. E., Wicaksono, M., & Harahap, Q. H. (2021). Peran Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian sebagai pusat data informasi pertanian dalam mendukung program Kostratani. Jurnal Agribisnis Terpadu, 14(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.33512/jat.v14i1.11458

Paliwal, H., Singh, A. K., Kumar, S., Singh, P., & Kumari, J. (2026). Scale to measure farmers’ attitude towards ICT-based agro-advisory services. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 62(1), 166–170. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2026.621RT05

Panda. S., Modak. S., Devi Y. L., Das. L., Pal P.K., & Nain M. S. (2019). Access and usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to accelerate farmers’ income. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 14(1), 200-205.

Prayoga, K. (2018). Dampak penetrasi teknologi informasi dalam transformasi sistem penyuluhan pertanian di Indonesia. Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics, 11(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v11i3.5663

Purwatiningsih, N. A., Fatchiya, A., & Mulyandari, R. S. H. (2018). Pemanfaatan internet dalam meningkatkan kinerja penyuluh pertanian di Kabupaten Cianjur. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 14(1), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v14i1.17173

Sahoo, S., Parasar, D. B., & Jayasingh, D. K. (2025). Towards digitally enabled extension services: ICT training directions in coastal Odisha. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(4), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.61411

Sondarva, Y. M., Nain M.S., Singh R., Mishra J.R., Singh D.R., & Parsad R. (2023). E-readiness assessment of national agricultural research system. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 59(4), 82-85. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2023.59417.

Sumardjo, Firmansyah, A., & Dharmawan, L. (2023). Social transformation in peri-urban communities toward food sustainability and achievement of SDGs in the era of disruption. Sustainability, 15(13), 10678. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310678

Sumardjo, Firmansyah, A., Dharmawan, L., & Sadono, D. (2026). Digital learning, social capital, and ICT utilization in strengthening young farmers’ capacity for sustainable food systems in Indonesia. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 10, 1767016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1767016

Syamsiah, S., Firmansyah, A., & Azhari, R. (2025). Sustainability strategies of young agrosociopreneurs in supporting national food security. BIO Web of Conferences, 186, 02013. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202518602013

Utomo, B. N., Dharmayanti, N. L. P. I., Sukmayandi, T., & Widjaja, E. (2022). The contribution of ICT in agricultural development in Kostratani of BPP Bojonggambir, Tasikmalaya. International Journal of Economics, Management, Business, and Social Science, 2(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.59889/ijembis.v2i1.51

Yadav, B., Maurya, A. S., Patel, S., Kumar, R., & Kumar, A. (2026). Assessing the role of digital platforms in strengthening agricultural extension services: Advisory to empowerment. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 62(2), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2026.62208