Osteomorphometry of Humerus of Indian Elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)

Abstract

The present study was conducted on humerus of an adult elephant.It was the long bone of the appendicular skeleton of elephant. The average weight and length of humerus was 17.7 kg and 92cm respectively.The humerus presents a shaft and two extremities. The shaft was cylindrical in shapeexcept at the extremities. The length of shaft was 60cm.The circumference of the shaft was66 cm, 44 cm and 70 cmat its proximal, middle and distal parts, respectively. Proximal extremity of the humerus comprised of head, neck, greater tuberosity, and lesser tuberosity.Tuberosities wereplaced lower in position than the head.Thecircumferences of the lateral and medial tuberosities were 63cm and 36cm, respectively. The circumference, length and width of the head was 60cm, 26cm and 16cm, respectively. Bicipital groove was measured 6cm in width and 2.5cm in depth. Lateral condyle was larger than medial condyle. The lateral epicondyloid crest was well developed and was peculiar. Supratrochlear foramen was absent.