Immunoexpression of Estrogen receptor α (ERα) in buffalo cervix contributes to histochemical and histoenzymic changes during the estrous cycle

Abstract

The cervix is the part of the uterus that not only acts as a passage for sperm towards the site of fertilization but also, the functionality of the cervix contributes to sperm motility, viability, and transportation inside the birth canal. Twelve (12) buffalo cervix samples were collected, of which, six (6) were from the follicular phase and six (6) from the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Analysis of estrogen hormone activity was done by immunohistochemical study for estrogen receptor α(ERα), histochemical study for acid mucopolysaccharide was done by Alcian blue staining at pH 1.0 and 2.5, histoenzymic activity of NADH-d and NADPH-d were studied in
sections of buffalo cervix in both follicular and luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Estrogen hormones greatly influence the function of the cervix during estrous, which significantly influences the acid mucopolysaccharide content and NADH-d and NADPH-d activity of the cervix. These factors were more active during the follicular phase, improving the cervix's functional state. This state is essential for sperm survival and plays a significant role in buffalo reproduction.