Histomorphology of Endometrium during Follicular and Luteal Phases of Estrous Cycle in Umblachery Cow

Abstract

The histomorphological study was performed on the endometrial tissue obtained by biopsy from adult Umblachery breed of cows reared at District Livestock Farm, Korukkai, Thiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu. The endometrium of uterus consisted of four distinct layers from within outwards namely, lamina epithelialis, stratum compactum, stratum spongiosum and stratum basalis. The endometrium was lined with simple columnar epithelium during follicular phase with the occasional patches of pseudostratified epithelium in between the folds of endometrium, while a typical pseudostratified columnar type was observed during luteal phase of estrous cycle. The endometrial glands were relatively more in number in stratum basalis than in stratum spongiosum during follicular phase of estrous cycle, and further increased in numbers during luteal phase. The endometrial glands were highly coiled and branched during the luteal phase as compared to follicular phase. The histomorphological and mircrometrical parameters confirmed that the endometrium was more active and secretory during luteal phase than the follicular phase of estrous cycle in Umblachery cow.