A STUDY ON CASE PREVALENCE OF CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS IN CHENNAI USING MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION TEST

S. Saranya; K. Manimaran; T.M.A. Senthilkumar; B. Samuel Masilamoni Ronald; R. Mythili; D. Jenita Rani; M. Balagangatharathilagar

doi:10.56093/ijvasr.v55i4.181148

Authors

S. Saranya M.V.Sc. Scholar, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 7
K. Manimaran Professor, Zoonoses Research Laboaratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, TANUVAS, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai - 600 051
T.M.A. Senthilkumar Professor and Head, Zoonoses Research Laboratatory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, TANUVAS, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai - 600 051.
B. Samuel Masilamoni Ronald Professor, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007
R. Mythili Young Professional-I, ICAR Scheme, Zoonoses Research Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, TANUVAS, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai - 600 051
D. Jenita Rani Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007
M. Balagangatharathilagar Professor, Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai - 600 007

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijvasr.v55i4.181148

Keywords:

Dogs, Leptospirosis, MAT, seropositivity, serovars

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a globally re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira affecting humans and animals. Dogs serve as important reservoirs and sentinels, playing a significant role in disease transmission to humans.The present study was conducted for the serodiagnosis of canine leptospirosis in Chennai between December 2024 to June 2025 using the gold standard test -Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and to identify the predominant circulating serovars of Leptospira spp.The present study revealed 47% seropositivity with Canicola (31.91%) and Australis (27.65%) being the predominant serovars among the 100 sera samples screened. Laboratory confirmation remains essential for accurate diagnosis and epidemiological assessment of leptospirosis, and this study highlights MAT as a vital tool for surveillance, disease control, and reduction of zoonotic risk of leptospirosis.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, A., Engelberts M.F., Boer K.R., Ahmed, N. and Hartskeerl, R.A. (2009). Development and validation of a real-time PCR for detection of pathogenic Leptospira species in clinical materials. PloS one, 4(9): e7093.

Bale, M.M., Meshram, M.D.,Khillare, K.P., Dhaygude, V.S. and Vidhate, P.S. (2021). Prevalence of leptospirosis in canines of Goa and Pune. Journal of Entomology and. Zoology Studies 9: 739-742.

Bharti, A.R., Nally, J.E., Ricaldi, J.N., Matthias, M.A., Diaz, M.M., Lovett, M.A., Levett, P.N., Gilman, R.H., Willig, M.R., Gotuzzo, E. and Vinetz, J.M. (2003). Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. The Lancet infectious diseases, 3(12): 757-771.

Bojiraj, M., Porteen, K., Gunaseelan, L. and Sureshkannan, S. (2017). Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in animals and its public health significance. International Journal of Livestock Research, 7(11): 220-6.

Choudhary, S.,Choudhary, R.K., Kumar, M., Singh, S. and Malik, Y.S.(2023). Epidemiological status of leptospirosis in India. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 17(4).

Ghasemzadeh, I., and Namazi, S.H. (2015). Review of bacterial and viral zoonotic infections transmitted by dogs. Journal of medicine and life, 8(4): 1.

Hemant, K.P., Balakrishnan, S.,Puvarajan, B., Sangeetha, A., Manimaran, K. and Senthilkumar, T.M.A.(2024). Screening of dogs for leptospirosis in cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research, 53(2): 18-28.

Kumar, A., Sinha, D.K., Chaudhury, P., Shankar, H. and Srivastava, S.K. (2009). Comparative studies on seroepidemiology of canine leptospirosis by micro agglutination test (MAT) and recombinant Lip L32 ELISA. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 79(11): 1089-1094.

Levett, P.N., (2001). Leptospirosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews,14(2):296-326.

Prabhavathy, H.,Vijayakumar, G., Premalatha, N. and Kavitha, S. (2024). Prevalence of non-vaccine strains in leptospira affected dogs in chennai-a retrospective study. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 44(2): 31-33.

Reagan, K.L., Deng, S., Sheng, J., Sebastian, J., Wang, Z., Huebner, S.N. and Sykes, J.E. (2022). Use of machine-learning algorithms to aid in the early detection of leptospirosis in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 34(4): 612-621.

Sarangi, S., Vijaya Bharathi, M., Madhanmohan, M., Meenambigai, T.V., Soundararajan, C., Manimaran, K.and Senthilkumar, T.M.A. (2024). Occurrence of leptospirosis in dogs with renal and/or hepatic disease in Chennai, India. Indian Journal of Animal Health, 63: 256–262.

Sathiyamoorthy, A., Selvaraju, G., Palanivel, K.M. and Srinivasan, P. (2017). Seroprevalence of canine leptospirosis in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu by microscopic agglutination test. Cell Tissue Research,17: 5991–5996.

Senthil, N.R., Palanivel, K.M. and Rishikesavan, R. (2013). Seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies in canine population in and around Namakkal. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, (1): 971810.

Senthilkumar, K., Ravikumar, G. and Parthiban, A.B.R. (2022). Prevalence of urinary shedders and characterization of pathogenic leptospira among cattle population in Tamil Nadu Implications for control. Veterinaria Italiana, 58(2).

Senthilkumar, K.,Tirumurugaan, K.G. and Ravikumar, G. (2023). Understanding the seroepidemiology of canine leptospirosis in Tamil Nadu: need for inclusion of additional serovars in dog vaccines. International Journal of Bio-Resource and Stress Management, 14(1): 75-82.

Vijayachari, P., Sugunan, A.P. and Shriram, A.N. (2008). Leptospirosis: an emerging global public health problem. Journal of Biosciences, 33(4): 557-569.

Vijayanand, V., Mangala Gowri, V., Natarajaseenivasan, K. and Ratnam, S. (2009). Serodiagnosis of leptospirosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant LipL32 antigen. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 27(1): 24–28.

WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health) (2021). Chapter 3.1.12. Leptospirosis. In: Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. 8th ed. Paris: World Organisation for Animal Health.

Zeng, Z., Chen, H., Xu, J., Zhang, H., Xu, C., Fan, L. and Wei, Y. (2023). Characteristics of leptospirosis cases, prevention and control managements 1955–2020, Guangzhou, China. One Health, 16: 100541.