From wetlands to wellness: Makhanaa functional superfood for nutritionaland Health security of India

Abstract

Makhana (fox nut), a traditional wetland crop of Bihar, is emerging as a nutrientrich functional food supporting India’s nutrition and health security. In recent years, increasing health awareness and market demand have transformed makhana from a local crop into a high-value agri-enterprise. Its rich protein, mineral and antioxidant content helps address hidden hunger and lifestyle diseases. A key
innovation is the shift from traditional pond systems to scientifically managed pond–cum-field cultivation, which has improved productivity, processing efficiency and farmer income. Expansion of value-added products and stronger market linkages have further boosted its economic potential. Integrating makhana into public nutrition programmes such as Mid-Day Meal and ICDS offers a practical strategy to improve dietary quality. Future growth depends on enhancing productivity, decentralised processing and market integration to ensure sustainable nutrition and livelihood security.