Biointegration of Rohu (Labeo rohita) Fry and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) in a Recirculating Aquaponic System
322 / 60
Authors
-
D MAMATHA
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova Andheri (W), Mumbai - 400 061, Maharashtra, India
-
A K VERMA
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai
-
V K TIWARI
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova Andheri (W), Mumbai - 400 061, Maharashtra, India
-
M H CHANDRAKANT
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova Andheri (W), Mumbai - 400 061, Maharashtra, India
-
S K NAYAK
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova Andheri (W), Mumbai - 400 061, Maharashtra, India
-
HASAN JAVED
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova Andheri (W), Mumbai - 400 061, Maharashtra, India
Keywords:
Aquaponic system, Component ratio, Lemon grass, RohuAbstract
A 75-day experiment was conducted to optimize fish and plant component ratio in a recirculating aquaponic system. Three treatments having different component ratio of rohu (Labeo rohita) fry to lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) viz. T1 (3:1), T2 (4.5:1) and T3 (6:1) were assigned as treatments. All the treatments were compared for fish growth, plant growth, survival of fish, and various water quality parameters were observed to determine the best component ratio which maintains better water quality and gives better growth. The water quality parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and total hardness were found to be within the acceptable limits for fish as well as plant growth. While total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) varied in the range of 0.09 to 0.17 mg L-1, the nitrite and nitrate values ranged from 0.06 to 0.08 mg L-1 and 2.74 to 5.30 mg L-1 respectively. Different component ratio showed significant effect on fish growth in terms of length and weight gain, survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR). Among the treatments, the higher growth rate of fish was observed in T1 (2.54±0.01 g) followed by T2 (2.25±0.03 g) and T3 (2.10±0.02 g) but on comparing the total fish biomass produced in the system, the treatment T3 yielded maximum production as the fish biomass was the highest in T3 (121.08 g) followed by T2 (96.18 g) and T1 (73.81 g). The highest plant growth was achieved in T3 (19.94±0.10 g) followed by T2 (19.35±0.07 g) and T1 (19.04±0.12). Therefore, considering total fish biomass production and plant growth together in the system, it can be concluded that the component ratio of 6:1 (T3) can be recommended for culturing rohu fry and lemon grass in recirculating aquaponic system.
Downloads
References
APHA (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.21st Edition, American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington DC.
Angkha, B., Verma, A. K., Sanath, K., Prakash, C. and Thomas, R. M. 2020. Mobilization of mica by Bacillus sp. and its effect on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cum holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) - based aquaponic system. Aquaculture International 28: 2045-2058.
Appendini, P. and Hotchkiss, J. H. (2002). Review of antimicrobial food packaging. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 3(2): 113-126.
Buttner, J. K., Soderberg, R. W. and Terlizzi, D. E. (1993). An Introduction to Water Chemistry in Freshwater Aquaculture, 170. Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, North Dartmouth Massachusetts. pp 1-4.
Buzby, K. M. and Lin, L. S. (2014). Scaling aquaponic systems: Balancing plant uptake with fish output. Aquacultural Engineering 63: 39-44.
Chen, S., Ling, J. and Blancheton, J. P. (2006). Nitrification kinetics of biofilm as affected by water quality factors. Aquacultural Engineering 34(3): 179-197.
Endut, A., Jusoh, A., Ali, N., Nik, W. W. and Hassan, A. (2010). A study on the optimal hydraulic loading rate and plant ratios in recirculation aquaponic system. Bioresource Technology 101(5): 1511-1517.
Fronte, B., Galliano, G. and Bibbiani, C. (2016). From freshwater to marine aquaponic: new opportunities for marine fish species production. In: Conference VIVUS–on Agriculture, Environmentalism, Horticulture and Floristics, Food Production and Processing and Nutrition. With Knowledge and Experience to New Entrepreneurial Opportunities (Vol. 4). Biotechnical Centre Naklo. pp. 514-521
Goto, E., Both, A. J., Albright, L. D., Langhans, R. W. and Leed, A. R. (1996). Effect of dissolved oxygen concentrations on lettuce growth in floating hydroponics. Acta Horticulturae 440: 205-210.
Harry, W., Palm, Seidemann, R., Wehofsky, S. and Knaus, U. (2014). Significant factors affecting the economic sustainability of closed aquaponic systems. Part I: system design, chemo-physical parameters and general aspects. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation 7(1): 20-32.
Hussain, T., Verma, A. K., Tiwari, V. K., Prakash, C., Rathore, G., Shete, A. P. and Nuwansi, K. K. T. (2014). Optimizing Koi Carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Koi (Linnaeus, 1758), Stocking density and nutrient recycling with spinach in an aquaponic system. Journal of World Aquaculture Society 45(6): 652-661.
Hussain, T., Verma, A. K., Tiwari, V. K., Prakash, C., Rathore, G., Shete, A. P. and Saharan, N. (2015). Effect of water flow rates on growth of Cyprinus carpio var. koi (Cyprinus carpio, 1758) and spinach plant in aquaponics system. Aquaculture International 23(1): 369-384.
Jena, J. K., Das, P. C., Das, B. K., Mohapatra, B. C., Sarangi, N., Modayil, M. J., Vass, K. K., Ravichandran, P. and Ayyappan, S. (2005). Aquaculture Technologies for Farmers, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India. 95 p.
Jha, P. and Barat, S. (2005). The effect of stocking density on growth, survival rate, and number of marketable fish produced of koi carps, Cyprinus carpio var. koi in concrete tanks. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 17(3): 89-102.
Krom, M. D., Ellner, S., Van Rijn, J. and Neori, A. (1995). Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and transformations in a prototype "non-polluting integrated mariculture system), Eilat, Israel. Marine Ecology Progress Series 118: 25-36.
Laxmappa, B. (2014). Status of carp farming in India. Aquaculture Asia 19: 9-13.
Lennard, W. A. and Leonard, B. V. (2006). A comparison of three different hydroponic sub-systems (gravel bed, floating and nutrient film technique) in an aquaponic test system. Aquaculture International 14: 539-550.
Masser, M. P., Rakocy, J. and Losordo, T. M. (1999). Recirculating Aquaculture Tank Production Systems-Management of Recirculating Systems, SRAC Publication No. 452, USDA. pp. 12.
NFDB (2009). Guidelines and Investment for Development of Intensive Aquaculture, National Fisheries Development Board. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. 33 p.
Nijhof, M. and Bovendeur, J. (1990). Fixed film nitrification characteristics in sea water recirculation fish culture systems. Aquaculture 87(2): 133-143.
Nuwansi, K. K. T., Verma, A. K., Prakash, C., Tiwari, V. K., Chandrakant, M. H., Shete, A. P. and Prabhath, G. P. W. A. (2016). Effect of water flow rate on polyculture of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) with water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) in recirculating aquaponic system. Aquaculture International 24(1): 385-393.
Nuwansi, K. K. T., Verma, A. K., Rathore, G., Prakash, C., Chandrakant, M. H. and Prabhath, G. P. W. A. (2019). Utilization of phytoremediated aquaculture wastewater for production of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) and gotukola (Centella asiatica) in an aquaponics. Aquaculture 507: 361-369.
Nuwansi, K. K. T., Verma, A. K., Tiwari, V. K., Prakash. C. and Chandrakant, M. H. (2017). Standardization of the stocking density ratios of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi): goldfish (Carassius auratus) in polyculture aquaponic recirculating system. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 17(6): 1271-1278.
Pankhurst, N. W. and Van der Kraak, G. (1997). Effects of stress on reproduction and growth of fish. In: Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture, G. K. Iwama, A. D. Pickering, J. P. Sumpter and C. B. Schreck (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. pp 73-93.
Rakocy, J. E., Hargreaves, J. A. and Bailey, D. S. (1993). Nutrient accumulation in a recirculation aquaculture system integrated with hydroponic vegetable production. In Proceedings Aquacultural Engineering Conference on Techniques for Modern Aquaculture, J. K. Wang (ed.), Spokane, WA. pp 148-158.
Rakocy, J. E., Masser, M. P. and Losordo, T. M. (2006). Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems: aquaponics – integrating fish and plant culture. SRAC Publication No. 454.
Rakocy, J. E., Shultz, R. C., Bailey, D. S. and Thoman, E. S. (2004). Aquaponic production of tilapia and basil: comparing a batch and staggered cropping system. Acta Horticulture 648: 63-69.
Samad, A., Arafat, Y., Ferdaushy, H., Chatterjee, S. K., Paul, A. K. and Rahman, M. R. (2017). Density based sustainable fingerling production techniques of indigenous major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) in ponds of Bangladesh. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 12: 968-975.
Seawright, D. E., Stickney, R. R. and Walker R. B. (1998). Nutrient dynamics in integrated aquaculture- hydroponics systems. Aquaculture 160(3): 215-237.
Sharma, J. and Chakrabarti, R. (2003). Role of stocking density on growth and survival of Catla, Catla catla, and Rohu, Labeo rohita, larvae and water quality in a recirculating system. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 14(1-2): 171-178.
Shelton, W. L., Smitherman, R. O. and Jensen. G. L. (1981). Density related growth of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.) in managed small impoundments in Alabama. Journal of Fish Biology 18(1): 45-51.
Shete, A. P., Verma, A. K., Chadha, N. K., Prakash, C. and Chandrakant, M. H. (2015). A comparative study on fish to plant component ratio in recirculating aquaponic system with common carp and mint. Journal of Environment and Bio-Sciences 29(2): 323-329.
Shete, A. P., Verma, A. K., Chadha, N. K., Prakash, C. and Nuwansi, K. K. T. (2017). Evaluation of hydroponic subsystem for the culture of common carp, Cyprinus carpio and mint, Mentha arvensis in an aquaponic system. Aquaculture International 25(3): 1291-1301.
Shete, A. P., Verma, A. K., Chadha, N. K., Prakash, C., Peter, R. M., Ahmad, I. and Nuwansi, K. K. T. (2016). Optimization of hydraulic loading rate in aquaponic system with common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and mint (Mentha arvensis). Aquacultural Engineering 72: 53-57.
Shete, A. P., Verma, A. K., Kohli, M. P. S., Dash, A. and Tandel, R. (2013b). Optimum stocking density for growth of goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), in an aquaponic system. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh 65: 1-6.
Shete, A. P., Verma, A. K., Tandel, R. S., Prakash, C., Tiwari, V. K. and Hussain, T. (2013a). Optimization of water circulation period for the culture of goldfish with spinach in aquaponic System. Journal of Agricultural Science 5(4): 26-30.
Thomas, R. M., Verma, A. K., Prakash, C., Krishna, H., Prakash, S. and Kumar, A. (2019). Utilization of Inland saline underground water for bio-integration of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Agricultural Water Management 222: 154-160.
Tzortzakis, N. G. and Economakis, C. D. (2007). Antifungal activity of lemongrass (Cympopogon citratus) essential oil against key postharvest pathogens. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 8(2): 253-258.
Vaillant, N., Monnet, F., Sallanon, H., Coudret, A. and Hitmi, A. (2004). Use of commercial plant species in a hydroponic system to treat domestic wastewaters. Journal of Environmental Quality 33(2): 695-702.
van Rijn, J. and Rivera G. (1990). Aerobic and anaerobic biofiltration in an aquaculture unit-nitrite accumulation as a result of nitrification and denitrification. Aquacultural Engineering 9: 217-234.
Verhagen, F. J. M., Laanbroek, H. J. and Woldendorp, J. W. (1995). Competition for ammonium between plant roots and nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria and the effects of protozoan grazing. Plant and Soil 170(2): 241-250.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research (ISCAR)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in the Journal of the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research lies with the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research (ISCAR), who has the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad engaged in reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information contained in the journal. However, ISCAR supports open access and there is no restriction in the use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that it is not being used for commercial purposes and due credit is given to ISCAR.
