Cropping System Intensification under Rice Based System for Increasing Crop Productivity in Salt-Affected Coastal Zones of Bangladesh
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Authors
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R R SAHA
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur - 1701, Bangladesh
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M A RAHMAN
Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), BARI, Barishal - 8211, Bangladesh
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M H RAHMAN
RARS, BARI, Jashore - 7403, Bangladesh
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M MAINUDDIN
CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT - 2601, Australia
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R W BELL
Murdoch University, Murdoch - 6150, Australia
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D S GAYDON
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Brisbane, QLD - 4067, Australia
Keywords:
Coastal zone, Crop productivity, Cropping system intensification, SalinityAbstract
The field trial was conducted at farmers’ field at Bandra village in Amtali upazila of Barguna district and Pankhali village in Dacope upazila of Khulna district in Bangladesh during two consecutive years (2016-17 and 2017-18) starting from monsoon (aman) season of 2016. The experiment areas face slight to moderately drought and saline prone and salinity exists at later part of winter season and beginning of summer. Farmers generally cultivate only single transplanted aman (T. aman) rice during monsoon season a year in south and south-western coastal saline areas. However, the lands remain fallow in other seasons of the year. In this respect, the experiment was designed to increase the cropping intensity as well as crop productivity through crop intensification under rice based cropping systems. In Amtali (Barguna), treatments of the experiment were five cropping patterns viz., CP1 = T. aman - Potato - Mungbean - T. aus, CP2 = T. aman - Mustard - Mungbean - T. aus, CP3 = T. aman - Gardenpea – Mungbean - T. aus, CP4 = T. aman - Spinach - Mungbean - T. aus, and CP5 = T. aman - Fallow - Fallow (Farmers’ practice). Whereas in Dacope (Khulna) six cropping patterns were: CP1 = T. aman - Wheat - Fallow, CP2 = T. aman - Mustard - Fallow, CP3 = T. aman - Gardenpea - Fallow, CP4 = T. aman - Spinach - Fallow, CP5 = T. aman - Potato - Fallow, CP6 = T. aman - Fallow - Fallow (Farmers’ practice). Research findings showed that the cropping patterns can be established by judicious application of irrigation with comparatively low salinity content surface water (canal/pond). In Amtali, Barguna, T. aman - Potato - Mungbean - T. aus cropping pattern gave the highest (20.18 t ha-1) rice equivalent yield (REY) (360% higher REY over the farmers’ practice). However, in Dacope, Khulna, T. aman - Spinach - Fallow registerd the highest REY (13.99 t ha-1) that increased REY by 211% compared to farmers’ practice. The improved cropping patterns can be practiced within the polder (embankment for water control) with suitable irrigation water for increasing crop productivity and profitability in salt-affected coastal zones of Bangladesh.
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