Groundwater Salinity Modelling in the South West Region of Bangladesh Considering Climate Change
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Authors
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MD TARIKUL ISLAM
Institute of Water Modelling, Mohakhali DOHS, Dhaka - 1206, Bangladesh
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BUSHRA MONOWAR DUTI
Institute of Water Modelling, Mohakhali DOHS, Dhaka - 1206, Bangladesh
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MD REZAUL HASAN
Institute of Water Modelling, Mohakhali DOHS, Dhaka - 1206, Bangladesh
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MD ATIQUR RAHMAN
Institute of Water Modelling, Mohakhali DOHS, Dhaka - 1206, Bangladesh
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S M SAHABUDDIN
Institute of Water Modelling, Mohakhali DOHS, Dhaka - 1206, Bangladesh
Keywords:
Climate change, Coastal region, FEFLOW, Mathematical modelling, Potable waterAbstract
The coastal area of Bangladesh suffers a lot due to different degrees of salinity in all over the area. Salinity intrusion in this area is mainly derived through climate change as well as anthropogenic factors that make this region more vulnerable. Hence, salinity intrusion has adverse effects on water, soils, agriculture, fisheries, ecosystem, and livelihoods of this region. To ensure the availability of food as well as drinking water, this paper highlights the mechanism of salinity intrusion in groundwater as well extent of salinity front towards inland due to climate change. For assessing the existing situation of salinity in groundwater and to see the impact of climate change, a solute transport model has been developed using FEFLOW modelling software. The model has been calibrated against groundwater level and groundwater salinity. The model results show a quick response of groundwater level in shallow aquifer due to tidal fluctuation in nearby river. In general, the groundwater in shallow aquifer is more saline than that of deeper aquifer. In major cases, the groundwater salinity in shallow aquifer exceeds the allowable drinking limit (1000 ppm). The groundwater salinity was assessed for the base year 2013 and for the year 2050, considering the climate change impact. The simulation results indicated that the groundwater salinity in coastal area would increase in the future. It has been found that the area under high saline zone (salinity > 2000 ppm) would increase by 14% in 2050, due to climate change impact. It is also noticed that in general, the groundwater salinity in north-west part of the study area is less saline but in the remaining parts it is high saline. The study suggests for extensive promotion of alternative technologies such as pond sand filter (PSF), rainwater harvesting (RWH) for the areas having high salinity in groundwater and conducting research about the potentiality of the technologies such as managed aquifer recharge (MAR) or reverse osmosis (RO).
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