Valorization of Cereal and Millet Food Processing Waste: A Review of Value-Added Products and Technologies

Valorization of Cereal and Millet Wastes

Abstract

Cereal and millet food processing generates substantial amounts of waste, which poses environmental and economic challenges. This review focuses on the valorisation of these waste streams into value-added products and technologies. It discusses the physical, chemical, and biological methods for transforming cereal and millet by-products into useful materials such as biofuels, biomaterials, dietary fibers, functional food ingredients, and fertilizers. The review explores the economic and environmental implications, emphasizing the cost-benefit analysis, waste reduction, and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite technical and commercialisation barriers, advances in biotechnology, green chemistry, and integrated biorefineries hold promise for future development. Policy and regulatory frameworks are crucial in driving innovation and promoting sustainable valorization practices. By addressing existing challenges, the valorization of cereal and millet waste has the potential to contribute significantly to resource efficiency, environmental sustainability, and the circular economy.