Changes in Groundwater Quality with Depth for Irrigation in Sangat Block of District Bathinda, Punjab
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Authors
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Parwinder Singh
Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India
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KS Sekhon
Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda-151005, Punjab, India
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RK Setia
Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India
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MS Mavi
Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India
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Anurag Malik
Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda-151005, Punjab, India
Keywords:
IWQ indices, EC, RSC, SAR, Spatio-temporal variation, Groundwater extraction depthAbstract
A systematic study was carried out to evaluate the spatio-temporal variation in quality of groundwater (GW) with depth for irrigation purpose in Sangat block of district Bathinda, Punjab during pre- and post- monsoon season in the year 2020. A total of four hundred water samples i.e., two hundred samples from each depth from running tubewells (<25m and >25m) from different locations using geographical positioning system to uniformly cover the whole block in each of two different seasons (i.e., pre-monsoon in June 2020 and post monsoon in October 2020). The post-monsoon season samples were collected from the same geo-tagged locations as the pre-monsoon season samples. On the basis of electrical conductivity (EC) from GW extraction depth <25m, 0, 82.8 and 17.2 per cent during pre-monsoon and 0, 38 and 62 percent water samples during post monsoon season and in GW depth >25m, 38.5, 59.2 and 2.3 per cent during pre-monsoon and 9.3, 79.6 and 11.1 per cent during post monsoon season were found to be fit, marginal and unfit for irrigation as per PAU classification. According to USSL classification, all GW samples from GW extraction depths <25m and >25m fall under C3 and C4 category based on sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. On the basis of residual sodium carbonate (RSC), 82.9, 10.3, 6.8 and 0 per cent in pre-monsoon and 89.8, 6.8, 3.4 and 0 per cent samples in post monsoon having GW depth <25m and 88.4, 8.9, 1.6 and 1.1 per cent during pre-monsoon and 92.5, 6.4, 1.1 and 0 per cent during post monsoon season in GW depth >25m were found under low, medium, high and very high class, respectively. It is concluded that during post-monsoon season, using irrigation water quality (IWQ) indices RSC and SAR, the IWQ suitability increased, whereas, on the basis of EC, the IWQ suitability decreased in comparison to pre-monsoon season. The study suggests that since IWQ indices exceed the critical limits, therefore, long-term monitoring is required to assess the GW quality to prevent salt build up and potential soil health hazard for sustainable crop productivity in the study region.
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References
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