Assessing Water Quality Models for Surface Water Resources: A Review
Water quality models for surface water
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Authors
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Navneet Sharma
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana-141004. Punjab, India.
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Arun Kaushal
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana-141004. Punjab, India.
Keywords:
Modelling, Water quality models, Water pollution, Classification of modelsAbstract
The continuous flow of point and non-point source contaminants into water bodies has resulted in water quality degradation. Water of good quality is increasingly scarce around the world, necessitating a greater emphasis on water quality assessment. Water quality models are now being utilized as a technique to solve these challenges. Based on spatial and temporal resolution, process, availability, nature, components, strength and drawbacks; this study examines twelve water quality models namely BATHTUB, CCHE3D, CE-QUAL- RIV1, CE-QUAL- ICM, CE-QUAL-W2, EFDC, EPD-RIV1, HEC-RAS, HSPF, MIKE-11, QUAL2KW and WASP. An overview of application of water quality models, classification of models, uncertainties and the most widely adopted models for evaluating water quality at the watershed as well as waterbody scales are presented. Some models like CCHE3D, MIKE-11 are commercially available, require trained model users and large amount of data. It is recommended that choosing appropriate water quality models depends upon data availability, complexity, waterbody type and the modelling objectives planned. WASP, HSPF, and BATHTUB are adjudged the most widely used surface water quality models. The goal of this article is to offer watershed managers and planners precise and simple information to help them choose the suitable model for reducing the harm caused by water pollution in watershed ecosystems.
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