PCV2 load in preweaned piglets affected with porcine circovirus 2 associated diseases
Abstract views: 169 / PDF downloads: 20
https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v85i7.50226
Keywords:
Pigs, Porcine circovirus 2, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Virus loadAbstract
Porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) caused by Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are responsible for heavy losses to the global swine industry in recent decades. PCV2 viral load varies significantly between diseased and subclinically infected pigs. Real time PCR is a highly sensitive technique enabling simultaneous amplification and quantification of specific nucleic acid sequences. Using this technique, the distribution and absolute quantification of PCV2 in naturally infected preweaned piglets was investigated. The viral load in different organs was in the range of (32.92×108 copies/μg DNA to 1.14×108 copies/μg DNA). Results indicate that in PCVAD affected preweaned pigs, lymphoid organs contain the highest viral loads, while intestine and brain the lowest viral loads. This preliminary data on virus load in the lymphoid organs of preweaned piglets will help differentiate mere PCV2 infection and clinical PCVAD.
Downloads
References
Brunborg I M, Moldal T and Jonassen C M. 2004. Quantitation of porcine circovirus type 2 isolated from serum/plasma and tissue samples of healthy pigs and pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome using a TaqMan-based realtime PCR. Journal of Virological Methods 122 (2): 171–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.08.014
Brunborg I M, Jonassen C M, Moldal T, Bratberg B, Lium B, Koenen F and Schonheit J. 2007. Association of myocarditis with high viral load of porcine circovirus type 2 in several tissues in cases of fetal death and high mortality in piglets. A case study. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 19 (4): 368–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900405
Brunborg I M, Fossum C, Lium B, Blomqvist G, Merlot E, Jorgensen A, Eliasson- Selling L, Rimstad E, Jonassen C M and Wallgren P. 2010. Dynamics of serum antibodies to and load of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in pigs in three finishing herds, affected or not by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 52: 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-52-22
Chang HW, Jeng CR, Liu J J, Lin T L, Chang C C, Chia M Y, Tsai Y C, Pang V F. 2005. Reduction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in swine alveolar macrophages by porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)-induced interferon-alpha. Veterinary Microbiology 108: 167–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.03.010
Fort M, Olvera A, Sibila M, Segalés J and Mateu E. 2007. Detection of neutralizing antibodies in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)-affected and non- PMWS-affected pigs. Veterinary Microbiology 125: 244–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.06.004
Grau-Roma L, Hjulsager C K and Sibila M. 2009. Infection, excretion and sero conversion dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in pigs from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) affected farms in Spain and Denmark. Veterinary Microbiology 135: 272–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.10.007
Hansen M S, Hjulsager C K, Bille-Hansen V, Haugegaard S, Dupont K, Hogedal P, Kunstmann L and Larsen L E. 2010. Selection of method is crucial for the diagnosis of porcine circovirus type 2 associated reproductive failures. Veterinary Microbiology 144: 203–09. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.12.038
Harding J C, Baker C D, Tumber A, McIntosh K A, Parker S E, Middleton D M, Hill J E, Ellis J A and Krakowka S. 2008. Porcine circovirus-2 DNA concentration distinguishes wasting from nonwasting pigs and is correlated with lesion distribution, severity, and nucleocapsid staining intensity. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 20 (3): 274–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000303
Harding J C, Baker, C, Rhodes C, McIntosh K A, Bonneau M. 2009. Ring tests to evaluate the performance of Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays used in North American diagnostic laboratories. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 73: 7–14.
Hjulsager C K, Grau-Roma L, Sibila M, Enoe C, Larsen L and Segalés J. 2009. Interlaboratory and inter-assay comparison on two real-time PCR techniques for quantification of PCV2 nucleic acid extracted from field samples. Veterinary Microbiology 133: 172–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.014
Larochelle R, Magar R and D’Allaire S. 2003. Comparative serologic and virologic study of commercial swine herds with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 67:114–20.
Mackay I M, Arden K E and Nitsche A. 2002. Real-time PCR in virology. Nucleic Acid Research 30: 1292–305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/30.6.1292
Olvera A, Sibila M, Calsamiglia M, Segalés J and Domingo M. 2004. Comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 load in serum quantified by a real time PCR in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome naturally affected pigs. Journal of Virological Methods 117 (1): 75–80 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2003.12.007
Segales J. 2012. Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections: clinical signs, pathology and laboratory diagnosis. Virus Research 164: 10–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2011.10.007
Silva F M F, Silva Junior A, Vidigal P M P, Oliveira R C, Viana W V, Silva O H C , Vargas I M , Fietto R L J and Almeida R M. 2011. Porcine circovirus-2 viral load versus lesions in pigs: Perspectives for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Journal of Comparative Pathology 144: 296–302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.10.010
Tischer I, Gelderblom H, Vettermann W and Koch M A. 1982. A very small porcine virus with circular single-stranded DNA. Nature 295:64–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/295064a0
Zhao K, Han F, Zou Y, Zhu L, Li C, Xu Y, Zhang C, Tan F, Wang J, Tao S, He X, Zhou Z and Tang X. 2010. Rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using a Taq-Man-based real-time PCR. Virology Journal 7:374–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-374
Zlotowski P, Correa A M R, Castro L A, Koerich P K V, Barcellos D E S N and Driemeier D. 2010. Porcine circovirus-2 load in the gastrointestinal tract, mesenteric lymph node, tonsil and faeces of wasted pigs with and without diarrhoea. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia 62 (6): 1521– 25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352010000600036
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.