Aquaculture Potential of Freshwater Swamp Eels (Synbranchidae), Highlighting Monopterus cuchia Farming in India

Abstract

Global aquaculture has experienced remarkable growth over the past decade, driven largely by the introduction of diverse fish species into farming systems. Among these, freshwater swamp eel (Monopterus cuchia) farming offers a promising opportunity for diversification in tropical countries. Unlike the complex catadromous lifestyle of anguillid eels (Anguillidae), freshwater swamp eels complete their entire life cycle in freshwater, making them comparatively easier to rear and harvest with lower input costs. There are 23 known freshwater swamp eel species worldwide, including two in India: M. albus and M. cuchia. Developing freshwater swamp eel farming in India could significantly advance the aquaculture industry by integrating both traditional and super-intensive production systems. However, existing studies on the biology and habitats of these species remain largely superficial, leaving their full aquaculture potential underexplored. This review article aims to provide researchers and stakeholders with insights into the biology and farming potential of M. cuchia in India. It also highlights the domestic and international market potential of this species. Adopting this farming approach could diversify aquaculture production, create new opportunities for both domestic markets and export, while supporting socio-economic development and national welfare.