Evaluating Environmental Fluctuations in Bivalve Bed Ecosystems of the Southeastern Arabian Sea: A Year-Long In-Situ and Remote Sensing Approach

Abstract

This study examines the seasonal changes in key physicochemical parameters of coastal waters near Calicut, located in the southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS), and their ecological implications. The sea surface temperature (SST) peaked in May and reached its minimum in August, aligning with historical data. Salinity followed a similar pattern, increasing in May and decreasing after the monsoon. Surface dissolved oxygen levels also increased in June due to mixing during the monsoon but declined by October, leading to low oxygen conditions near Puthiyappa Harbour. The highest nutrient concentrations were recorded during the monsoon
period. This area supports thriving bivalve (Perna viridis) populations, with optimal growth observed during the high-salinity months (April-May) and spawning timed with monsoon-driven productivity. These findings highlight the ecosystem’s ability to adapt to natural seasonal variations while emphasizing the importance of ongoing monitoring to mitigate anthropogenic and climate-related challenges. The study underscores the necessity of long-term environmental evaluations for effective coastal management in a changing climate.