Antimicrobials use pattern under organized and unorganized dairy production conditions in southern India

CHITALKAR VASANT RAOSAHEB; AYYASAMY MANIMARAN; MUNIANDY SIVARAM; SAKTHIVEL JEYAKUMAR

doi:10.56093/ijans.v90i3.102419

Authors

CHITALKAR VASANT RAOSAHEB Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 030 India
AYYASAMY MANIMARAN Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 030 India
MUNIANDY SIVARAM Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 030 India
SAKTHIVEL JEYAKUMAR Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 030 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i3.102419

Keywords:

Antimicrobials, Dairy India, Mastitis, Milk antibiotic residues, Veterinarians

Abstract

The aim of this study was to estimate the antimicrobial use pattern against various clinical conditions under organized and unorganized dairy production conditions in selected areas of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Four organized dairy farms and one veterinary teaching hospital were surveyed covering Krishnagiri and Kolar districts of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka (India), respectively. The data were collected from practicing veterinarians (104) through questionnaires and in farms through treatment records. Milk samples (100) were also qualitatively screened for antibiotic residues in these farms. Mastitis and other udder health related problems were the most common (34%) followed by gastro intestinal tract (GIT) (20%) and postpartum uterine infections (PUI: 20%) in organized dairy farms. Overall, penicillins and its combinations (40%) and tetracyclines (33%) group of antibiotics were mostly used for treatment of above clinical conditions. About 13% of the milk samples were qualitatively positive for antibiotic residues in organized farms. Veterinarians rated mastitis (22%) followed by PUI (15%), respiratory disorders (14%) and GIT problems (12%) as the most common reasons for administrating antibiotics in field conditions, based on Garrett's ranking method. Penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracycline (36%) group of antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed for all clinical conditions. In the case of clinical mastitis, 20% veterinarians preferred cephalosporins group followed by penicillins and its combination (18%). It is concluded that mastitis is the most common reason for antibiotic usage in dairy animals and thus, an effective mastitis management programs are required to reduce the antimicrobial consumption.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bartlett P C, Agger J F, Houe H and Lawson L G. 2001. Incidence of clinical mastitis in Danish dairy cattle and screening for non-reporting in a passively collected national surveillance system. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 48(2): 73–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00192-6

Cattaneo A A, Wilson R, Doohan D and Le Jeune J T. 2009. Bovine veterinarians’ knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding antibiotic resistance on Ohio dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science 92(7): 3494–3502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1575

De Briyne N, Atkinson J, Pokludova L and Borriello S P. 2014. Antibiotics used most commonly to treat animals in Europe. Veterinary Record 175(13): 325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.102462

De Briyne N, Atkinson J, Pokludova L, Borriello S P and Price S. 2013. Factors influencing antibiotic prescribing habits and use of sensitivity testing amongst veterinarians in Europe. Veterinary Record 173(19): 475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.101454

EMA (European Medicines Agency). 2015. European surveillance of veterinary antimicrobial consumption, 2015. Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 26 EU/EEA countries in 2013 (EMA/387934/2015).

ESVAC. 2016. European medicines agency, European surveillance of veterinary antimicrobial consumption. 2016. Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 29 European countries in 2014(EMA/61769/2016).

ESVAC. 2013. Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 26 EU/ EEA countries in 2013: fifth ESVAC report. European medicine agency.

European Commission. 2011. Communication from the commission to the European parliament and the council: Action plan against the rising threats from antimicrobial resistance. COM (2011) 748.

FDA (Food and Drugs Administration). 2016. CVM updates— CVM reports on 2015 summary report on antimicrobials sold or distributed for use in food-producing animals. http://www.fda.gov/animalveterinary/newsevents/cvmupdates/ucm534244.htm. accessed January 09, 2017.

Garrett H E and Woodworth R S. 1969. Statistics in psychology and education, Vakils, Feffer and Simons Pvt. Ltd., Bombay, 329.

Grave K, Greko C, Nilsson L, Odensvik K, Mork T and Ronning M. 1999. The usage of veterinary antibacterial drugs for mastitis in cattle in Norway and Sweden during 1990– 1997. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 42(1): 45–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00057-4

Kuipers A, Koops W J and Wemmenhove H. 2016. Antibiotic use in dairy herds in the Netherlands from 2005 to 2012. Journal of Dairy Science 99(2): 1632–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8428

Manimaran A, Layek S S, Kumaresan A, Prasad S, Sreela L, Boopathi V, Kumar K and Venkatasubramanian V. 2014. Estimation of antimicrobial drug usage for treatment of clinical mastitis cases in organized dairy farm. Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 43(2): 140–50.

McEwen SA, Meek A H and Black W D. 1991. A dairy farm survey of antibiotic treatment practices, residue control methods and associations with inhibitors in milk. Journal of Food Protection 54(6): 454–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-54.6.454

Mellenburger R W. 1998. Milk antibiotic violations: 1996 and 1997 (Mid-March). Michigan Dairy Review, Michigan State University, East Lansing 3(1): 11–14.

Obritzhauser W, Trauffler M, Raith J, Kopacka I, Fuchs K and Kofer J. 2016. Antimicrobial drug use on Austrian dairy farms with special consideration of the use of “highest priority critically important antimicrobials”. Berlinerund Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 6: 185–95.

Pol M and Ruegg P L. 2007. Treatment practices and quantification of antimicrobial drug usage in conventional and organic dairy farms in Wisconsin. Journal of Dairy Science 90(1): 249–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)72626-7

Postma M, Speksnijder D C, Jaarsma A D C, Verheij T J, Wagenaar J A and Dewulf J. 2016. Opinions of veterinarians on antimicrobial use in farm animals in Flanders and the Netherlands. Veterinary Record 179(3): 68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103618

Redding L. 2014. Understanding the use of antibiotics on small dairy farms in rural Peru. Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1414.

Redding L E, Cubas-Delgado F, Sammel M D, Smith G, Galligan D T, Levy M Z and Hennessy S. 2014. The use of antibiotics on small dairy farms in rural Peru. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 113(1): 88–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.10.012

Saini V, McClure J T, Leger D, Dufour S, Sheldon A G, Scholl D T and Barkema H W. 2012. Antimicrobial use on Canadian dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science 95(3): 1209–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4527

Sato K, Bartlett P C, Erskine R J and Kaneene J B. 2005. A comparison of production and management between Wisconsin organic and conventional dairy herds. Livestock Production Science 93(2): 105–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.09.007

Sawant A A, Sordillo L M and Jayarao B M. 2005. A survey on antibiotic usage in dairy herds in Pennsylvania. Journal of Dairy Science 88(8): 2991–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72979-9

Sverige V. 2014. Redogorelse for husdjursorganisationens djurhalsovard 2013/2014. Account of the livestock organizations animal health services 2013/2014. Stockholm. 28–29.

USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2008. APHIS (Animal and plant health inspection service) veterinary services (Centre for epidemiology and Animal Health) information sheet. October 2008.

Van Boeckel T P, Brower C, Gilbert M, Grenfell B T, Levin S A, Robinson T P, Teillant A and Laxminarayan R. 2015. Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(18): 5649–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503141112

Zwald A G, Ruegg P L, Kaneene J B, Warnick L D, Wells S J, Fossler C and Halbert L W. 2004. Management practices and reported antimicrobial usage on conventional and organic dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science 87(1): 191–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73158-6