Bioaccumulation and cytological alteration of immune organs of chicken following inorganic arsenic exposure

SUBHASHREE DAS; A K DE; P PERUMAL; A K BERA; T RANA; K MUNISWAMY; A KUNDU; R MUTHIYAN; D MALAKAR; D BHATTACHARYA; P DAS; S SAMANTA; D PAN

doi:10.56093/ijans.v90i5.104604

Authors

SUBHASHREE DAS ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
A K DE ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
P PERUMAL ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
A K BERA ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
T RANA ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
K MUNISWAMY ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
A KUNDU ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
R MUTHIYAN ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
D MALAKAR ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
D BHATTACHARYA ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
P DAS ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
S SAMANTA ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
D PAN ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Eastern Regional Station), Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i5.104604

Keywords:

Apoptosis, Bioaccumulation, Immune organs, Inorganic arsenic, Pathological changes

Abstract

Arsenic is an ecotoxicant that has been found to affect both mammal and avian population. The present study deals with the arsenic deposition in different immune organs of arsenic exposed broiler chicken. Further, its effect on immune cell function and histological alteration was investigated. The study revealed that bursa and liver were the most arsenic deposition prone sites as compared to other immune organs. Histopathological study of the immune organs showed significant structural changes like increased bursal medullary region along with follicular atrophy and detachment of outer serosal layer from the muscularis layer in bursa, decrease in average diameter of white pulp in spleen, decreased cortical as well as medullary region along with less number of Hassall's corpuscle in thymus in the arsenic exposed birds. Arsenic induced apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also detected and a positive correlation between apoptotic index and dose of arsenic was observed. It may be concluded that insult to avian immune organ by any toxic compound may threaten immune response and may lead to immunosuppression.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Ahmed S, Ahsan K B, Kippler M, Mily A, Wagatsuma Y, Hoque A M, Ngom P T, El Arifeen S, Raqib R and Vahter M. 2012. In utero arsenic exposure is associated with impaired thymic function in newborns possibly via oxidative stress and apoptosis. Toxicological Sciences 129: 305–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfs202

2. Akter S, Khan M Z I, Jahan M R, Karim M R and Islam M R. 2006. Histomorphological study of the lymphoid tissues of broiler chickens. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 4: 87–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v4i2.1289

3. Alberts B, Johnson A and Lewis J. 2002. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. Garland Science, New York.

4. Bronte V and Pittet M J. 2013. The spleen in local and systemic regulation of immunity. Immunity 39: 806–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.10.010

5. Chaudhry M S, Velardi E, Dudakov J A and van den Brink M R. 2016. Thymus: the next (re)generation. Immunological Reviews 271: 56–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12418

6. Chen H, Qin S and Pan Q. 2000. Antitumor effect of arsenic trioxide on mice experimental liver cancer. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing ZaZhi 8: 27–29.

7. Chen Y C, Lin-Shiau S Y and Lin J K. 1998. Involvement of reactive oxygen species and caspase 3 activation in arseniteinduced apoptosis. Journal of Cellular Physiology 177: 324– 33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199811)177:2<324::AID-JCP14>3.0.CO;2-9

8. de la Fuente H, Portales-Pérez D, Baranda L, Díaz-Barriga F, Saavedra-Alanís V, Layseca E and González-Amaro R. 2002. Effect of arsenic, cadmium and lead on the induction of apoptosis of normal human mononuclear cells. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 129: 69–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01885.x

9. Fellah J S, Jaffredo T, Nagy N and Dunon D. 2013. Development of the Avian Immune System. Avian Immunology. 2nd Edition. Elsevier Inc. pp. 45–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396965-1.00003-0

10. Guha Majumder D N, De B K, Santra A, Santra A, Ghosh H, Das S, Lahiri S and Das T. 2001. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in therapy of chronic arsenicosis due to drinking arsenic-contaminated subsoil water. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 36: 683–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/15563659809162616

11. Hughes M F. 2006. Biomarkers of exposure: A case study with inorganic arsenic. Environmental Health Perspectives 114: 1790–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9058

12. Hughes M F, Beck B D, Chen Y, Lewis A S and Thomas D J. 2011. Arsenic exposure and toxicology: a historical perspective. Toxicological Sciences 123: 305–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfr184

13. Lasky T, Sun W, Kadry A and Hoffman M K. 2004. Mean total arsenic concentrations in chicken 1989–2000 and estimated exposures for consumers of chicken. Environmental Health Perspectives 112: 18–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6407

14. Le X C and Ma M. 1998. Short-column liquid chromatography with hydride generation atomic fluorescence detection for the speciation of arsenic. Analytical Chemistry 70: 1926–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ac971247q

15. Martin-Chouly C, Morzadec C, Bonvalet M, Galibert M D, Fardel O and Vernhet L. 2011. Inorganic arsenic alters expression of immune and stress response genes in activated primary human T lymphocytes. Molecular Immunology 48: 956–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2011.01.005

16. Nandi D, Patra R C and Swarup D. 2006. Oxidative stress indices and plasma biochemical parameters during oral exposure to arsenic in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44: 1579–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.04.013

17. Norbury C J and Hickson I D. 2001. Cellular responses to DNA damage. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 41: 367–401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.367

18. Rana T, Bera A K, Das S, Bhattacharya D, Pan D, Bandyopadhyay S, De S and Das S K. 2010. Mushroom lectin protects arsenic induced apoptosis in hepatocytes of rodents. Human and Experimental Toxicology 30: 307–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327110372642

19. Roy S, Narzary B, Ray A and Bordoloi M. 2016. Arsenic-induced instrumental genes of apoptotic signal amplification in deathsurvival interplay. Cell Death Discovery 2: 16078. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.78

20. Singh M K, Dwivedi S, Yadav S S, Sharma P and Khattri S. 2014. Arsenic-induced hepatic toxicity and its attenuation by fruit extract of Emblica officinalis (Amla) in Mice. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 29: 29–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-013-0353-9

21. Slukvin I I and Jerrells T R. 1995. Different pathways of in vitro ethanol-induced apoptosis in thymocytes and splenic T and B lymphocytes. Immunopharmacology 31: 43–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3109(95)00032-4

22. Tchounwou P B, Yedjou C G, Patlolla A K and Sutton D J. 2012. Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. Experientia Supplementum 101: 133–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6

23. Watanabe N, Wang Y H, Lee H K, Ito T, Wang Y H, Cao W and Liu Y J. 2005. Hassall’s corpuscles instruct dendritic cells to induce CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in human thymus. Nature 436: 1181–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03886

24. WHO. 2018. https: //www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/arsenic

25. Wu M M, Chiou H Y, Ho I C, Chen C J and Lee T C. 2003. Gene expression of inflammatory molecules in circulating lymphocytes from arsenic-exposed human subjects. Environmental Health Perspectives 111: 1429–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6396

26. Yedjou C, Tchounwou P, Jenkins J and McMurray R. 2010. Basic mechanisms of arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced apoptosis in human leukemia (HL-60) cells. Journal of Hematology and Oncology 3: 28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-8722-3-28