Immuno-therapeutic evaluation of Withania somnifera in bovine mastitis

TAWHEED AHMAD SHAFI; BALJINDER KUMAR BANSAL; DHIRAJ KUMAR GUPTA

doi:10.56093/ijans.v90i6.104982

Authors

TAWHEED AHMAD SHAFI Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004 India
BALJINDER KUMAR BANSAL Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004 India
DHIRAJ KUMAR GUPTA Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i6.104982

Keywords:

Immunomodulation, Mastitis, Therapy, Withania somnifera

Abstract

Mastitis is a severe problem of diary animals, and concept of non-antibiotic strategies for its prevention is gaining attention. An in vitro antibacterial evaluation of Withania somnifera against bovine mastitis pathogens, followed by its in vivo therapeutic trial was carried out in 20 HF × Sahiwal dairy cows with at least one specific subclinical mastitis quarter. W. somnifera root extract used in this study showed in vitro antibacterial activity of 78.19% and 55.67% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. The treatment group was administered orally W. somnifera root powder @ 500 mg/kg body weight daily, divided into two doses for 7 days, and was evaluated for elimination of intramammary infections, subsiding of udder inflammation and immunomodulation. The therapy could eliminate 64.28% of intramammary infections (c2 = 4.14), and resulted in a significant reduction in somatic cell count and ceruloplasmin concentration, therefore, subsiding udder inflammation and improving milk quality. Immunomodulation potential of the herb was evident from significant increase in phagocytic activity/phagocytic index along with enhanced lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase activities in the milk of treated cows.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Andrei S, Pintea A, Groza I, Bogdan L, Cipue S and Matei S. 2009. Milk antioxidant enzymes activity in cows with subclinical mastitis. Lucrari-Stiintifice-Medicina,-Universityde- Stiinte-Agricole-si-Medicina-Veterinara. Ion Ionescu-dela- Brad-Iasi 52: 1–6.

Bansal B K and Gupta D K. 2009. Economic analysis of bovine mastitis in India and Punjab—A review. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 62: 337–45.

Bansal B K, Gupta D K, Maini S, Ravikanth K and Randhawa S S. 2013. Evaluation of herbal therapy in specific subclinical mastitis of dairy cows—a clinical assessment. Paper presented at 15th International Conference of Production Diseases, Uppsala, Sweden, June 24–28.

De U K and Mukherjee R. 2013. Activity of milk enzymes in response to Withania somnifera extract in bovine mastitis. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 83: 23–27.

Dulin A M, Paape M J and Nickerson SC. 1988. Comparison of phagocytosis and CL by blood and mammary gland neutrophil from multiparous and nulliparous cows. American Journal of Veterinary Research 49: 172–77.

El-Boushy M E, Abdalla O M and Risha F A. 2009. Studies on antibacterial activity of Withania somnifera extract in Guinea pigs experimentally infected with Escherichia coli. Mansoura Veterinary Medicine Journal 11: 71–85.

Giacinti G, Rosati R, Boselli C, Tammaro A, Amatiste S and Ronchi B. 2008. Control of bovine sub-clinical mastitis by using herbal extract during lactation, 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress, Modena, Italy, June 16–20, 2008.

Gupta D K and Rajora V S. 2014. In vitro antibacterial activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of herbs alone and in combination against common cow mastitis pathogens. Progressive Research 9: 257–60.

Hoeben D, Burvenich C and Heneman R. 1997. Influence of antimicrobial agents on bactericidal activity on bovine milk polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 56: 271–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(96)05759-5

Mishra L C, Singh B B and Dagenais S. 2000. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): A Review. Alternative Medicine Review 5: 334–46.

National Mastitis, Council Inc. 1990. Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infections, National Mastitis Council Inc. 1840 Wilson Boulevard Arlington V.A. 2201, USA.

Paape M J, Wergin W P and Guidry A J. 1981. Phagocytic defense of the ruminant mammary gland. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 137: 555.

Pandit A V and Mehta M L. 1969. Sodium Lauryl Sulphate as a substitute for CMT reagent (California Mastitis test Reagent) for diagnosis of sub clinical mastitis in buffaloes. Indian Veterinary Journal 46: 111–19.

Rajendran N K and Ramkrishnan J. 2009. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of medicinal plants against multi drug resistant pathogens. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araþtýrma Dergisi 2: 97–101.

Rasool M and Varalakshmi P. 2006. Immunomodulatory role of Withania somnifera root powder on experimental induced inflammation: An in vivo and in vitro study. Vascular Pharmacology 44: 406–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2006.01.015

Sundaram S, Dwivedi P and Purwar S. 2011. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activities of crude extracts of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to bacterial pathogens. Asian Journal of Biotechnology 3: 194–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbkr.2011.194.199

Shafi T A, Ahmad I, Digraskar S U, Borikar S T and Dudhe N. 2018a. Efficacy of a composite formulation (masticure®) as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of mastitis in bovines. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 6: 618–22.

Shafi T A, Bansal B K and Gupta D K. 2018b. In vitro antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of Ocimum sanctum leaves against common bovine mastitis pathogens. Journal of Dairy, Veterinary and Animal Research 7: 322 24.

Shafi T A, Bansal B K, Gupta D K and Nayyar S. 2016. Evaluation of immunotherapeutic potential of Ocimum sanctum in bovine subclinical mastitis. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 40: 352–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1506-96

Ting Y, JinFeng M, SiXiang Z, WeiHua C and Gen Lin W. 2006. The changes of enzymes and cytokines in milk and blood during experimental mastitis in goat. Journal of Yangzhou University, Agricultural and Life Sciences 27: 52–55.

Vidyasagar D, Naik S N and Vasudevan P. 2002. Antifungal activity of Tagetus patula essential oil. Indian Perfumer 46: 269–72.

Wynn S G and Fougere B. 2007. Veterinary Herbal Medicine. Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.