Emergence of XIII.2.2 genotype of Avian Avulavirus-1 with unique FPCS site in India
![](/public/icon/gor.png)
![](/public/icon/pdf.png)
Keywords:
Avian Avulavirus-1, genotyping, Newcastle disease virus, pathotyping, phylogenetic tree, viscerotropic velogenicAbstract
In the present study, two isolates namely D162 and D165 obtained from Newcastle disease outbreaks in
backyard poultry in Tamil Nadu were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using complete Fusion (F) gene sequence
to understand the circulation and evolution of Avian Avulavius-1 (AAv1). Further, these isolates were pathotyped
based on mean death time and intra-cerebral pathogenicity index. Pathotyping and genotyping of D162 and D165
showed that these isolates belonged to velogenic pathotype and XIII.2.2 sub-genotype. In addition to this, the Fusion Protein Cleavage Site (FPCS) of F gene was analysed for amino acid sequence pattern. The amino acid sequence of FPCS of both D162 and D165 was 112RRRKRF117, which is unique among XIII.2.2 genotypes of AAv1, whereas it is common among Pigeon Paramyxovirus. It was hypothesized that cross-species infection by AAv1 has led to emergence of isolates with increased virulence.
Downloads
References
Aldous E W, Mynn, J K, Banks J and Alexander D J. 2003. A molecular epidemiological study of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Newcastle disease virus) isolates by phylogenetic analysis of partial nucleotide sequence of fusion protein gene. Avian Pathology 32: 239–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/030794503100009783
Alexander D J, Manvell R J, Kemp P A, Parsons G, Collins M, Brockman S, Russell P H and Lister S A. 1987. Use of
monoclonal antibodies in the characterization of avian paramyxovirus type I (Newcastle disease virus) isolates
submitted to an international reference laboratory. Avian Pathology 16: 553–65.
Allan W H, Lancaster J E and Toth B. 1978. Newcastle disease vaccine, their production and use. FAO Animal production and health services. No.10, Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.
Ananth R, John Kirubaharan J, Priyadarshani M L M and Albert A. 2008. Isolation of Newcastle disease viruses of high
virulence in unvaccinated healthy village chickens in South India. International Journal of Poultry Science 7: 368–73.
Ballagi-Pordany A, Wehmann E, Hrrczeg J, Belak S and Lomniczi B. 1996. Identification and grouping of Newcastle
disease virus strains by restriction site analysis of a region from the F gene. Archives of Virology 141: 243–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01718397
Cattoli G, Fusaro A, Monne I, Molia S, Le Menach A, Maregeya B, Nchare A, Bangana I, Maina A G, Goran
Koffi J N N, Thiam H, Bezeid O E M A, Salviato A, Nisi R, Terregino C and Capua I. 2010. Emergence of a new genetic
lineage of Newcastle disease virus in West and Central Africa-Implications for diagnosis and control. Veterinary
Microbiology 142: 168–76.
Collins M S, Strong I and Alexander D J. 1994. Evaluation of the molecular basis of pathogenicity of the variant Newcastle disease viruses termed pigeon PMV-1 viruses. Archives of Virology 134: 403–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01310577
Dey S, Chellappa M M, Gaikwad S, Kataria J M and Vakharia V N. 2014. Genotype characterization of commonly used
newcastle disease virus vaccine strains of India. PLoS One 9(6): e98869. Diel D G, Silva L H, Liu H, Wang Z, Miller P J and Afonso C L. 2012. Genetic diversity of avian paramyxovirus type 1: Proposal for a unified nomenclature and classification system of Newcastle disease virus genotypes. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 12: 1770–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2012.07.012
Dimitrov K M, Abolnik C, Afonso C L, Albina E, Bahl J, Berg M, Briand F X, Brown I H, Choi K S, Chvala I and Diel D.G.
Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 74: 103917. Doyle T M. 1927. A hitherto unrecorded disease of fowls due to filter passing virus. Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics 40: 144–69.
Glickman R L, Syddall R J, Iorio R M, Sheehan J P and Bratt M A 1988. Quantitative basic residue requirements in the cleavageactivation site of the fusion glycoprotein as a determinant of virulence for Newcastle disease virus. Journal of Virology 62(1): 354–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.62.1.354-356.1988
Hu S, Ma H, Wu Y, Liu W, Wang X, Liu Y and Liu X. 2009. A vaccine candidate of attenuated genotype vii Newcastle
disease virus by reverse genetics. Vaccine 27: 904–10. Jakhesara S J, Prasad V V S P, Pal J K, Jhala M K, Prajapati K S
and Joshi C G. 2016. Pathotypic and sequence characterization of Newcastle disease viruses from vaccinated chickens
reveals circulation of Genotype II, IV and XIII and in India. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 63(5): 523–39.
King A M Q, Adams M J, Carsten E B and Lefkowitz E J. 2012. Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Kraneveld F C. 1926. A poultry disease in the Duch East Indies. Netherlands Indisch Bladen Voor Diergeneeskunde 38: 488–50.
Kumar S, Stecher G and Tamura K. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33: 1870–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
Kwon H J, Cho S H, Ahn Y J, Seo S H, Choi K S and Kim S J. 2003. Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease in DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(03)00130-5
Republic of Korea. Veterinary Microbiology 95(1-2): 39–48.
Kylasam A. 1930. A study on Madras fowl pest. Indian Veterinary Journal 8: 346–52.
Miller P J, Decanini E L and Afonso C L. 2010. Newcastle disease: Evolution of genotypes and related diagnostic challenges. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 10: 26–35.
Miller P J, Estevez C, Yu Q, Suarez D L and King D J. 2009. Comparison of viral shedding following vaccination with
inactivated and live Newcastle disease vaccines formulated with wild-type and recombinant viruses. Avian Diseases 53: 39–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1637/8407-071208-Reg.1
Nagai Y, Klenk H D and Rott R. 1976. Proteolytic cleavage of the viral glycoproteins and its significance for the virulence of Newcastle disease virus. Virology 72: 494–508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(76)90178-1
Office International des Epizooties. 2012. Newcastle disease. Chapter 2.3.14. OIE terrestrial manual 2012: Manual of
diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals, pp. 576– 89. World Organization for Animal Health, Paris.
Shabbir M Z, Zonari S, Yaqub T, Nazir J, Shabbir M A B, Mukhtar N, Shafee M, Sajid M, Anees M, Abbas M, Khan M T, Ali A A, Ghafoor A, Ahad A, Channa A A, Anjum A A, Hussain N, Ahmed A, Goraya M U, Iqbal Z, Khan S A, Aslam H B, Zehra K, Sohail M U, Yaqub W, Ahmad N, Berg M and Munir M. 2013. Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease virus in Pakistan: A countrywide perspective. Virology 10: 170. Tamura K and Nei M. 1993. Estimation of the number of DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-10-170
nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10: 512–26.
Tirumurugaan K G, Kapgate S, Vinupriya M K, Vijayarani K, Kumanan K and Elankumaran S. 2011. Genotypic and
pathotypic characterization of Newcastle disease viruses from India. PLoS One 6(12): e28414. Untergasser A, Cutcutache I, Koressaar T, Ye J, Faircloth B C, Remm M and Rozen S G. 2012. Primer3-new capabilities and interfaces. Nucleic Acids Research 40: 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks596
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.