Residual feed intake and related biochemical parameters in male Sahiwal calves

BHONG N BABAN; CHANDER DATT; PH. SURAJ SHARMA; KULDEEP DUDI; VIJAY K SHARMA

doi:10.56093/ijans.v90i10.111420

Authors

BHONG N BABAN Department of Animal Husbandry, Maharashtra
CHANDER DATT ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana
PH. SURAJ SHARMA Saife Vet Med Private Ltd. India.
KULDEEP DUDI ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana.
VIJAY K SHARMA KVK Kathua, SKUAST-J, Jammu and Kashmir.

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i10.111420

Keywords:

Biochemical parameters, Nutrient utilization, Residual feed intake, Sahiwal calves

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the differences in efficiency of feed utilisation in Sahiwal calves with low and high residual feed intake (RFI) by comparing feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth traits and blood biochemical parameters. Eighteen growing male Sahiwal calves (aged 12 months, average body weight 120.04 kg) were selected and fed individually total mixed ration as per their requirements for a period of 60 days. Fifty per cent of maize grains in concentrate mixture containing 33% maize grains were replaced by fresh potatoes (DM basis). Based on linear regression models involving dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and mid test metabolic body size, calves were assigned into low and high RFI groups. Residual feed intake (RFI) values were calculated for individual calves and the calves were divided into low (–0.20) and high (+0.18) RFI groups. Low RFI animals consumed less dry matter than the expected or predicted one indicating their more efficiency of feed utilization. The intakes of DM and CP were 4.95 and 6.47% lower in low RFI animals compared to high RFI animals while average daily gain was higher in low RFI group. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, total carbohydrates, NDF and ADF were similar in low and high RFI groups, however, nitrogen retention was higher in low RFI group. Values of alanine amino transferase (25.85 vs. 35.72 IU/L), aspartate amino transferase (80.33 vs. 100.57 IU/L), total protein (7.34 and 8.24 mg/dL), blood urea nitrogen (15.45 and 22.22 mg/dL) and creatinine (1.27 and 1.78 mg/dL) were higher for high RFI as compared to low RFI group. The concentration of growth hormone, insulin and IGF-1 were similar in both the groups. From present study, it could be concluded that low RFI animals were more efficient in feed conversion.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Almeida R, Lanna D P D and Leme P R. 2004. Residual feed intake: a new trait to evaluate beef cattle efficiency. Proceedings of the 41th Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Society of Animal Science. Campo Grande, Brazil 41: 3–14.

AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 18th edn. Arlington, Washington, DC, USA.

Archer J A, Arthur P F, Herd R M, Parnell P F and Pitchford W S. 1997. Optimum post-weaning test for measurement of growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency in British breed cattle. Journal of Animal Science 75: 2024–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.7582024x

Archer J A, Richardson E C, Herd R M and Arthur P F. 1999. Potential for selection to improve efficiency of feed use in beef cattle: a review. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50: 147–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/A98075

Arthur P F, Archer J A, Herd R M, Richardson E C, Exton S C, Oswin C, Dibley K C P and Burton D A. 1999. Relationship between post-weaning growth, net feed intake and cow performance. Proceedings of 13th Animal Breeding Genetics. Symposium, Mandurah, WA, Australia. pp. 484–87.

Arthur P F, Archer J A, Johnston D J, Herd R M, Richardson E C and Parnell P F. 2001. Genetic and phenotypic variance and covariance components for feed intake, feed efficiency and other post weaning traits in Angus cattle. Journal of Animal Science 79: 2805–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.79112805x

Basarab J A, Price M A, Aalhus J L, Okine E K, Snelling W M and Lyle K L. 2003. Residual feed intake and body composition in young growing cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Sciences 83: 189–204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4141/A02-065

Bose B K S, Kundu S S, Tho N T B, Sharma V K and Sontakke U B. 2014. Residual feed intake as a feed efficiency selection tool and its relationship with feed intake, performance and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffalo calves. Tropical Animal Health and Production 46: 615–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0536-2

Brown E G, Carstens G E, Fox J T, White M B, Curley K O, Bryan T M, Slay L J, Welsh T H, Randel R D, Holloway J W and Keisler D H. 2004. Physiological indicators of performance and feed efficiency traits in growing steers and bulls. Beef Cattle Res Tex. 163–66.

Carstens G E, Theis C M, White M B, Welsh T H, Warrington B G, Randel R D, Forbes T D A, Lippke H, Greene L W and Lunt D K. 2002. Residual feed intake in beef steers: I. Correlation with performance traits and ultrasound measures of body composition. Proceedings of West American Society of Animal Science 53: 552–55.

Chander Datt, Sharma V K, Dudi K, Nana B B, Sharma Ph S, Negesse T, Kundu S S, Datta M M, Gupta R and Singh D. 2017. Residual feed intake as a tool for selecting more efficient animals: A Review. Indian Journal Animal Nutrition 34: 238– 55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2017.00041.X

Cruz G D, Rodríguez-Sánchez J A, Oltjen J W and Sainz R D. 2010. Angus-Hereford steers housed in individual or group pens performance, residual feed intake, digestibility, carcass traits and profitability. Journal of Animal Science 88: 324– 29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1932

Dias R F, Bracarense A P F R L, Marcal W S, Rocha M A and Dias R C F. 2006. Reference values and age effect on the erythrogram of bovine females of the Aquitania breed. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 58: 311–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352006000300004

Dudi K and Chander Datt. 2015. Relationship of residual feed intake with blood metabolites and hormones in Sahiwal female calves. Forage Research 41: 40–45.

Gaines A M, Peterson B A and Mendoza O F. 2012. Herd management factors that influence whole herd feed efficiency. Feed Efficiency in Swine. (Ed.) Patience J F. Wageningen Academic Press, Wageningen. pp. 15–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-756-1_1

Golden J W, Kerley M S and Kolath W H. 2008. The relationship of feeding behavior to residual feed intake in crossbreed Angus steers fed traditional and no roughage diets. Journal of Animal Science 86: 180–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-569

Gomez R R, Bourg B M, Paddock Z D, Carstens G E, Lancaster P A, Miller R K, Tedeschi L O, Lunt D K, Moore S A and Delaney D S. 2007. Evaluation of feed efficiency in Santa Gertrudis steers and relationship with temperament and feeding behavior. Journal of Animal Science 85: 454–55.

Harvey R W, Armstrong J D, Heimer E P and Campbell R M. 1993. Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, hormones, and metabolites in steers actively immunized against growth hormone releasing factor. Journal of Animal Science 71: 2853– 59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.71112853x

Hegarty R S, Goopy J P, Herd R M and Mc-Corkell B. 2007. Cattle selected for lower residual feed intake have reduced daily methane production. Journal of Animal Science 85: 1479–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-236

Herd R M, Arthur P F, Archer J A and Johnston D J. 2002. IGF-I is associated with genetic variation in key production traits in young Angus cattle. Animal Production Australia 24: 313.

Homm J W, Berger L L and Rodriguez-Zas S L. 2007. Factors affecting residual feed intake in feedlot steers. Journal of Animal Science 85: 454.

ICAR. 2013. Nutrient Requirements of Cattle and Buffalo. 1st edn. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.

Johnston D J, Herd R M, Kadel M J, Graser H U, Arthur P F and Archer J A. 2002. Evidence of IGF-I as a genetic predictor of feed efficiency traits in beef cattle. Proceedings of 7th World Congress Genetics Applied Livestock Production, Montepellier, France.

Johnston D J, Herd R M, Reverter A and Oddy V H. 2001. Heritability of IGF-I in beef cattle and its association with growth and carcase traits. Proceedings of Association of Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics, New Zealand 14: 163–66.

Kahn L P, Leng R A and Piper L R. 2000. Rumen microbial yield from sheep genetically different for fleece weight. Asian Australasian. Journal of Animal Science 13: 137.

Kaneko J J, Harvey J W and Bruss M L. 1997. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. San Diego Academy Press, USA. p. 606.

Kelly A K, Mc-Gee M, Crews Jr D H, Sweeney T, Boland T M and Kenny D A. 2010. Repeatability of feed efficiency, carcass ultrasound, feeding behavior and blood metabolic variables in finishing heifers divergently selected for residual feed intake. Journal of Animal Science 88: 3214–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2700

Koch R M, Swiger L A, Chambers D and Gregory K E. 1963. Efficiency of feed use in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 22: 486–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1963.222486x

Kolath W H, Kerley M S, Golden J W and Keisler D H. 2006. The relationship between mitochondrial function and residual feed intake in Angus steers. Journal of Animal Science 84: 861–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.844861x

Krueger W K, Carstens G E, Lancaster P A, Slay L J, Miller J C and Forbes T D A. 2009. Relationships between residual feed intake and apparent nutrient digestibility in growing calves. Journal of Animal Science 86: 758–63.

Lancaster P A, Carstens G E, Riberio F R B, Tedeschi L O and Crews DH Jr. 2009. Characterization of feed efficiency traits and relationships with feeding behavior and ultrasound carcass traits in growing bulls. Journal of Animal Science 87: 1528– 39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1352

Lush J M, Gooden J M and Annison E F. 1991. The uptake of nitrogenous compounds from the gut of sheep genetically different in wool production. Proceedings of Nutrition Society of Australia 16: 144.

Negesse T, Chander Datt and Kundu S S. 2016. Variability in residual feed intake and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffalo heifers. Tropical Animal Health and Production 48: 1577–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1130-6

Nkrumah J D, Basarab J A, Wang Z, Li C, Price M A, Okine E K, Crews Jr D H and Moore S S. 2007. Genetic and phenotypic relationships of feed intake and different measures of feed efficiency with growth and carcass merit of beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 85: 2711–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-767

Nkrumah J D, Okine E K, Mathison G W, Schmid K, Li C, Basarab J A, Price M A, Wang Z and Moore S S. 2006. Relationships of feedlot feed efficiency, performance, and feeding behaviour with metabolic rate, methane production and energy partitioning in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 84: 145– 53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.841145x

NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. edn. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Reitman S and Frankel S. 1957. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 28: 56–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56

Ribeiro F R B, Carstens G E, Lancaster P A, Tedeschi L O and Davis M E. 2007. Relationship of feed efficiency with carcass and non-carcass tissue composition in Angus bulls and heifers. Journal of Animal Science 85: 455–87.

Richardson E C and Herd R M. 2004. Biological basis for variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle. 2. Synthesis of results following divergent selection. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44: 431–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/EA02221

Richardson E C, Herd R M, Archer J A, Woodgate R T and Arthur P F. 1998. Steers breed for improved net feed efficiency eat less for the same feedlot performance. Proceedings of Australian Society of Animal Production 22: 213–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1752756200596975

Richardson E C, Herd R M, Arthur P F, Wright J, Dibley G, Xu and Oddy V H. 1996. Possible physiological indicators for net feed conversion efficiency in beef cattle. Proceedings of Australian Society of Animal Production 21: 103–06.

Richardson E C, Herd R M, Oddy V H, Thompson J M, Archer J A and Arthur P F. 2001. Body composition and implications for heat production of Angus steer progeny of parents selected for and against residual feed intake. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41: 1065–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/EA00095

Sharma V C, Mahesh M S, Mohini M, Chander Datt and Nampoothiri V M. 2014. Nutrient utilization and methane emissions in Sahiwal calves differing in residual feed intake. Archieves of Animal Nutrition 68: 345–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2014.951193

Sharma V K, Kundu S S, Chander Datt, Prusty S, Kumar M and Sontakke U B. 2018. Buffalo heifers selected for lower residual feed intake have lower feed intake, better dietary nitrogen utilisation and reduced enteric methane production. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102: 607–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12802 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12802

Sharma V K, Kundu S S, Prusty S, Chander Datt and Kumar M. 2016. Nutrient utilisation, growth performance and blood metabolites in Murrah buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) divergently selected for residual feed intake. Archieves of Animal Nutrition 70: 455–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2016.1233678

SPSS. 2010. Statistical Package for Social Sciences. version 16.0., Chicago, IL, USA.

Van Soest P J, Robertson J B and Lewis B A. 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2

Walker D K, Titgemeyer E C, Baxa T J, Chung K Y, Johnson D E, Laudert S B and Johnson B J. 2010. Effects of ractopamine and sex on serum metabolites and skeletal muscle gene expression in finishing steers and heifers. Journal of Animal Science 88: 1349–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2409

Wood B J, Archer J A and Van der Werf J H J. 2002. Genetic and economic evaluation of the use of IGF-1 as an indirect selection criterion in beef cattle. Proceedings of 7th World Congress of Genetics and. Applied Livestock Production. Montpellier, France. Communication No. 02–26.

Yambayamba E S K, Price M A and Foxcroft G R. 1996. Hormonal status, metabolic changes, resting metabolic rate in beef heifers undergoing compensatory growth. Archieves of Animal Nutrition 74: 57–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1996.74157x

Yelich J V, Wettemann R P, Marston T T and Spicer L J. 1996. Luteinizing hormones, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin and metabolites before puberty in heifers fed to rates of gain. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 13: 325–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0739-7240(96)00046-X