Phylogenetic exploration and haemato-biochemical significance of Anaplasma marginale infection in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
291 / 236
Authors
-
Anita Ganguly
Regional Research Station, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Karnal
-
Biswa Ranjan Maharana
Regional Research Centre,Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Karnal
-
Ankit Kumar
Regional Research Centre,Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Karnal
Keywords:
Haemoparasite, Rickettsia Anaplasma marginale, PCR, molecular, phylogenetic, haemato-biochemicalAbstract
During 2017-2020, a total of 8352 buffalo blood samples were screened microscopically for Anaplsma species and 104 positive samples were found. Later on same samples were confirmed positive using genomic DNA PCR technique. For efficiency of PCR technique, a total of 335 blood samples were randomly chosen. Microscopy revealed Anaplasma species in erythrocytes of 1.19% (4 samples) of the total blood samples (n=335). Initially PCR assay was standardized targeting 16S rRNA for detection of genus Anaplasma with expected amplicon size 781 bp. Thereafter, msp1 β gene was targeted for species level identification of Anaplasma (Anaplasma marginale) with expected amplicon size 407 bp. A total of fourteen samples out of 335 samples (4.17%) found positive by PCR. Randomly, two confirmed positive samples were sent for bidirectional sequencing. The sequencing results, submitted in GenBank(MW269530, MW269531), further confirm the Anaplasma marginale infection in buffalo. The study show higher specificity and sensitivity of PCR test above blood smear examination. Erythron of infected animals showed significantly low level of mean Hb, PCV, RBC count, MCH, MCHC and high level of mean MCV, indicating regenerative hypochromic macrocytic anaemia. Infected animals had a significantly low mean level of total protein, albumin and globulin and significantly high level of phosphorus, total bilirubin, direct and indirect bilirubin. The current study provides indication of the association between A. marginale infection and probable liver damage or hepatic fatty degeneration. Nevertheless advanced studies are warranted to explain the precise pathophysiological mechanism of this association.
Downloads
References
Abdullah D A, Ali F F, Jasim A Y, Ola-Fadunsin S D, Gimba F I and Ali M S. 2020. Clinical signs, prevalence, and hematobiochemical profiles associated with Anaplasma infections in sheep of North Iraq. Veterinary World 13(8): 1524–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1524-1527
Allen P C, Kuttler K L and Amerault B S. 1981. Clinical chemistry of anaplasmosis: blood chemical changes in infected mature cows. American Journal of Veterinary Research 42: 322–25.
Ashuma A, Sharma A, Singla L D, Kaur P, Bal M S, Batth B K and Juyal P D. 2013. Prevalence and haemato-biochemical profile of Anaplasma marginale infection in dairy animals of Punjab (India). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 6(2): 139–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(13)60010-3
Aubry P and Geale D W. 2011. A review of bovine anaplasmosis. Transboundary and Emerging Disease 58(1): 1–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01173.x
Camacho-Nuez M, de Lourdes Muñoz M, Suarez C E, McGuire T C, Brown WC and Palmer G H. 2000. Expression of polymorphic msp1beta genes during acute Anaplasma marginale rickettsemia. Infection and Immunity 68(4): 1946– 52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.4.1946-1952.2000
Carelli G, Decaro N, Lorusso A, Elia G, Lorusso E, Mari V, Ceci L and Buonavoglia C. 2007. Detection and quantification of A. marginale DNA in blood samples of cattle by real-time PCR. Veterinary Microbiology 124: 107–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.03.022
Coskun A, Derinbay EO, Guzelbektes H, Aydogdu U and Sen I. 2012. Acute phase proteins, clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters in dairy cows naturally infected with Anaplasma marginale. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 18(3): 497–502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2011.5822
da Silva J B, da Fonseca A H and Barbosa J D. 2015. Molecular characterization of Anaplasma marginale in ticks naturally feeding on buffaloes. Infectious Genetics and Evolution 35: 38–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.027
da Silva J B, Vinhote W M, Oliveira C M, André M R, Machado R Z, da Fonseca A H and Barbosa J D. 2014a. Molecular and serological prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in water buffaloes in northern Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 5(2): 100–04. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.09.007
da Silva J B, Fonseca A H, Barbosa J low prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in water buffaloes in Marajó Island, Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 5(6): 801–04. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.06.003
De U K, Dey S, Banerjee P S and Sahoo M. 2012. Correlations among Anaplasma marginale parasitemia and markers of oxidative stress in crossbred calves. Tropical Animal Health and Production 44(3): 385–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9938-6
Ganguly A, Bisla R S, Singh H, Vandna B, Kumar A, Kumari S, Maharana B R and Ganguly I. 2017. Prevalence and haemato-biochemical changes of tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases in crossbred cattle of Haryana, India. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 87(5): 552–57.
Ganguly A, Maharana B R, Ganguly I, Kumar A, Potliya S, Arora D and Bisla R S. 2018. Molecular diagnosis and haemato-biochemical changes in Anaplasma marginale infected dairy cattle. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88(9): 989–93.
Ganguly A, Maharana B R and Ganguly I. 2020. Pentaplex PCR assay for rapid differential detection of Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata, Anaplasma marginale and Trypanosoma evansi in cattle. Biologicals 63: 81–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.10.011
George N, Bhandari V and Sharma P. 2017. Phylogenetic relationship and genotypic variability in Anaplasma marginale strains causing anaplasmosis in India. Infection Genetics and Evolution 48: 71–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.11.028
Grau H E, Cunha Filho N A, Pappen F G and Farias N A. 2013. Transplacental transmission of Anaplasma marginale in beef cattle chronically infected in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 22(2): 189–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612013000200038
Jimenez R O, Sergio D, Rodrguez C and De la Fuente J. 2008. Anaplasma marginale: Analysis of variable fragment sequences in msp1 and msp4 genes in four new Mexican strains. Tecnica Pecuaria en Mexico 46(1): 69–78.
Jukes T H and Cantor C R. 1969. Evolution of protein molecules, pp 21–131. Mammalian Protein Metabolism, Vol. III. (Ed.) Munro H N. Academic Press, New York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-3211-9.50009-7
Khan I A, Khan A, Hussain A, Riaz A and Aziz A. 2011. Hemato-biochemical alterations in cross-bred cattle affected with bovine theileriosis in semiarid zone. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 31(2): 137–40.
Kumar N, Solanki J B, Varghese A, Jadav M M, Das B, Patel M D and Patel D C. 2019. Molecular assessment of Anaplasma marginale in bovine and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Tick of endemic tribal belt of coastal south Gujarat, India. Acta Parasitologica 64: 700–09. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00041-z
Lima D H S, Vinhote W M S, Ubiali D G, Soares P C, Cordeiro M D, Silva J B, Fonseca A H and Barbosa J D. 2019. Experimental infection by Anaplasma marginale in buffaloes and cattle: Clinical, hematological, molecular and pathological aspects. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39(9): 700–09. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6273
Maharana B R, Ganguly A, Arora D and Bisla R S. 2019a. Development and validation of direct PCR-RFLP assay for rapid detection and differentiation of Anaplasma species in naturally infected goats. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 33(1): 12–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0813.2019.00004.4
Maharana B R, Ganguly A, Bisla R S, Kumar A, Potliya S and Arora D. 2019b. Direct PCR-RFLP based detection and differentiation of Anaplasma species in naturally infected goats of eastern Haryana, India. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 89(4): 385–89.
Maharana B R, Tewari A K, Saravanan B C and Sudhakar N R. 2016a. Important hemoprotozoan diseases of livestock: Challenges in current diagnostics and therapeutics: An update. Veterinary World 9(5): 487–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.487-495
Maharana B R, Kumar B, Prasad A, Patbandha T K, Sudhakar N R, Joseph J P and Patel B R. 2016b. Prevalence and assessment of risk factors for haemoprotozoan infections in cattle and buffaloes of South-West Gujarat, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research 50(5):733–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.10268
Massard C L, Soares C O, Fonseca A H and Madruga C L. 1998. Tristeza Parasitária Bovina: Histórico, biologia e modalidades de transmissão de Babesia bovis, B. bigemina e Anaplasma marginale aosbovinos. Embrapa-CNPGC, Campo Grande, MS, pp 77-90.
Molad T, Mazuz M L, Fleiderovitz L, Fish L, Savitsky I, Krigel Y, Leibovitz B, Molloy J, Jongejan F and Shkap V. 2006. Molecular and serological detection of A. central and A. marginale infected cattle grazing within an endemic area. Veterinary Microbiology 113: 55–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.026
Omer O H, El-Malik K H, Magzoub M, Mahmoud O M, Haroun E M, Hawas A and Omar H M. 2003. Biochemical profiles in Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in Saudi Arabia. Veterinary Research Communication 27(1): 15–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022054522725
Patel M D, Patel H K and Kumar N. 2018. Clinico and hemato-biochemical studies on anaplasmosis in buffaloes. Intas Polivet 19(2): 231–35.
Snedecor G W and Cochran W G. 1994. Statistical Methods. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Stich R W, Sauer J R, Bantle J A and Kocan K M. 1993. Detection of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in the polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Medical Entomology 30: 789–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/30.4.789
Subramanian B, Vijayalakshmi P, Perumal S V and Selvi D 2019. Clinical and haemato-biochemical changes in cattle with Anaplasma marginale infection. International Journal of Chemical Studies 7(5): 4373–76.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A and Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197
Thompson J D, Gibson T J, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F and Higgins D G. 1997. The Clustal X windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 24: 4876–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
Yousefi A, Rahbari S, Shayan P, Sadeshi-dehkordi Z and Bahonar A. 2017. Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma ovis in sheep and goat in west highland pasture of Iran. Asian Pacific Journal Tropical Biomedicine 7(5): 455–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.017
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.
How to Cite
