Current status and development prospects of India’s pig industry

R THOMAS; V SINGH; V K GUPTA

doi:10.56093/ijans.v91i4.114325

Authors

R THOMAS ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam 781 015 India
V SINGH ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam 781 015 India
V K GUPTA ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam 781 015 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v91i4.114325

Keywords:

Indian piggery, Patents, Pig diseases, Pig health, Pig production, Processing, Strategies

Abstract

Pig production and marketing have been driven by the growing consumer demand for high quality and low cost animal protein. As a result, organized and industrial piggery has been rapidly developing globally. For the Indian piggery sector, there exists a well-defined domestic market as well as an enormous market for international trade by stimulating its production activities. To meet the need for developing domestic as well as the international pig production and pork trade, this article describes the current status of the pig industry, its production in India and the factors that may affect its development. Production systems, quality of germplasm, urbanization, available farmland, grain production, water resources, bio-security issues and management practices encompass some of these factors. In addition, the effects of the culture and education of the populations on the development of pig sector in India are also discussed. Understanding the development of the pig production system and its associated factors is critical for assessing India's impact and implication in the emerging international agricultural market.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amit S, Nibash D and Pramanik P S. 2015. Pig management practices in Tripura, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research 49(6): 863–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.7052

Anuj C, Patel B H M, Rajveer M, Sushil K, Sanjeev S and Subodh K. 2016. Pig production system as a source of livelihood in Indian scenario: an overview. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology 5(4): 2089–96.

Bujarbaruah K M, Anubrata Das, Bardoloi R K and Kumaresan A. 2007. Status and strategies for pig production in the North Eastern India. pp. 10–27.

Complementary Role of Livestock and Fisheries Towards Sustainable Farming in Northeast India. (Eds) Anubrata Das, Kumaresan A, Bardoloi R K, Bujarbaruah K M and Naskar S. ICAR Research Complex for NEH region, Barapani.

Cano J P, Dee S A, Deen J, Finnegan C, Murtaugh M P and Pijoan C. 2007. An exploratory study to evaluate the survival of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in non- processed pig meat. Veterinary Record 160: 907–08. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.26.907

Chander M and Mukherjee R. 2005. Organic animal husbandry: Concept, status and possibilities in India–A review. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 75(12): 1460–69.

Cheneau Y, El Idrissi A H and Ward D. 2004. An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current veterinary systems in the developing world. Revue Scientifique et Technique de Office International des Epizooties 23: 351–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.23.1.1489

Das A and Bujarbaruah K M. 2005. Pig for meat production. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 75(12): 1448–52.

Das A, Tamuli M K, Mohan N H and Thomas R. 2012. Handbook of Pig Husbandry. (Eds) Anubrata Das, M K Tamuli, Mohan N H and R Thomas. Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi.

Devendra C and Thomas D. 2002a. Smallholder farming systems in Asia. Agricultural Systems 71: 17–25 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00033-6

Devendra C and Thomas D. 2002b. Crop animal interactions in mixed farming systems in Asia. Agricultural Systems 71: 27–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00034-8

Edwards W M, Grytsje T and Emmett J S. 1989. Determinants of Profitability in Farrow-to-Finish Swine Production. North Central Journal of Agricultural Economics 11: 17–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/11.1.17

FAO. 2005. Pollution from industrialized livestock production. Livestock Policy Brief 02.

FAOSTAT Databases. 2020. Available from: URL: http:// faostat.fao.org/. (Accessed in September 2020)

Giuffra E, Kijas J M, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon J and Andersson L. 2000. The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression. Genetics 154: 1785–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.4.1785

Grandin T. 1996. Animal welfare in slaughter plants. 29th Annual Conference of American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Proceedings, pp. 22–26.

Gupta J J, Bardoloi R K, Reddy P B and Bujarbaruah K M. 2007. Performance of crossbred pigs fed on boiled sweet potato supplemented with soybean meal. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 24(1): 44–46.

Harris D L. 1998. Alternative approaches to eliminating endemic diseases and improving performance in pigs. Veterinary Record 123: 422–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.123.16.422

Indian Livestock Census. 2019. Animal Husbandry Statistics Division, Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.

Jones G F. 1998. Genetic aspects of domestication, common breeds and their origin, pp.1–60. (Eds) Rothchild M F and Ruvinsky A. The Genetics of Pig. Wallingford. CABI Publishing.

Kakati L J. 2019. An overview and constraints of pig farming in Assam–A review. Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry 7(2): 15–19.

Kemp B, Verstegen M W, den Hartog L A and Grooten H J. 1989. The effect of environmental temperature on metabolic rate and partitioning of energy intake in breeding boars. Livestock Production Science 22: 87–98.

Kumaresan A, Bujarbaruah K, Pathak K, Chetri B, Das S K, Das A and Ahmed S K. 2007. Performance of pigs reared under traditional tribal low input production system and chemical composition of non-conventional tropical plants used as pig feed. Livestock Science 107: 294–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.12.007

Kumaresan A, Bujarbaruah K, Pathak K, Das A and Bardoloi R. 2008a. Integrated resource-driven pig production systems in a mountainous area of Northeast India: Production practices and pig performance. Tropical Animal Health and Production 41: 1187–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-008-9299-y

Kumaresan A, Bujarbaruah K, Pathak K, Das A and Thangavel R. 2008b. Mineral profiling of local pig-feeds and pigs reared under resource driven production system to reduce porcine mineral deficiency in subtropical hill ecosystem of Northeastern India. Tropical Animal Health and Production 41: 669–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-008-9240-4

Lekule F P and Kyvsgaard N C. 2003. Improving pig husbandry in tropical resource-poor communities and its potential to reduce risk of porcine cysticercosis. Acta Tropica 87: 111–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-706X(03)00026-3

Mahak S, Talimoa M and Rajkhowa D J. 2020. A way forward for revitalizing pig farming in Nagaland. Indian Farming 70(6): 23–26.

Mahanta S, Choudhury B and Goswami B K. 1986.Neonatal mortality in piglets. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 56: 947–48.

McAuliffe G A, Takahashi T, Mogensen E, Hermansen J E, Sage C L, Chapman D V and Lee a M R F. 2017. Environmental trade-offs of pig production systems under varied operational efficiencies. Journal of Cleaner Production 165: 1163–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.191

McOrist S and Done S. 2007. High fever swine disease impacts in Asia. Journal of Swine Health and Production 15: 257–64.

Naidu S A and Kondaiah N. 2004. Livestock production and post- production system–Need for pragmatic approach. Indian Journal of Agricultural Marketing 18(3): 91–109.

Neha T, Sarita K, Ashish S, Priyanka M, Manaswini S and Manoj B. 2019. Pig: Potential future meat animal of India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(2): 3149–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.368

Paris T R. 2002. Crop animal systems in Asia: Socio-economic benefits and impacts on rural livelihoods. Agricultural Systems 71: 147–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00041-5

Patra M K, Sonuwara B and Bidyut C D. 2014. Problems and Prospects of Traditional Pig Farming for Tribal Livelihood in Nagaland. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 14(4): 6–11.

Patrick G F and Ananth S R. 1989. Crop insurance’s role in risk management on hog-crop farms. North Central Journal of Agricultural Economics 11: 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/11.1.1

Perry B, Randolph T, McDermott J, Sones K R and Thornton P K. 2002. Investing in animal health research to alleviate poverty. International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.

Pingali P. 2007. Westernisation of Asian diets and the transformation of food systems: implications for research and policy. Food Policy 32: 281–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.08.001

Rajkhowa C. 1996. Incidence of different gastrointestinal parasites of pigs in Meghalaya. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 10: 91–93.

Ramesha K P. 2011. Intellectual property rights regime for livestock agriculture in India—Present status and future prospects. Journal of Intellectual Property Rights 16: 154–62.

Ranjhan S K, Gupta B S, Chabra S S and Dhudapkar B S. 1971. Effect of various levels of crude fibre and digestible energy on growth rate of middle white Yorkshire pigs. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 41(5): 313–17.

Reddy V R, Rao S V R and Swick R. 2001. Feed Sources. Handbook of Poultry Nutrition, Published American Soyabean Association, New Delhi.

Rougoor C W, Dijkhuisen A A, Huirne R B and Marsh W E. 1996. Impact of different approaches to calculate the economics of disease in pig farming. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 26: 315–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(95)00545-5

Rozelle S A and Swinnen J. 2004. Success and failure of reform: Insights from the transition of agriculture. Journal of Economic Literature 42: 404–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/0022051041409048

Sahoo N R, Rajkhowa S, Anubrata D and Tamuli M K. 2012. Phenotypic attributes of Ghungroo breed of pig. Indian Veterinary Journal 89: 155–59.

Sakamoto K and Yoshida K. 2002. Recent outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in countries of East Asia. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) 21(3): 459–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.21.3.1347

Sarma D K and Bostami B. 2008. Isolation and growth characteristics of classical swine fever in PK-15 cell line. Journal of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology 3: 29–32.

Sarma D K, Thomas R and Rajkhowa R. 2016. Techniques and technologies commercialized/ ready for commercialization. ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati.

Sarma D K. 2007. Occurrence of classical swine fever in vaccinated pigs. The Vets Communications 1: 32–33.

Sourabh S, Pushpraj S, Anuradha K, Manish K and Ramadevi N. 2017. Status of pig rearing in India. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry 2(3): 30–32.

Thomas R and Das A. 2012. Clean Meat Production- with special reference to pork. Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi.

Thomas R and Sarma D K. 2017. Pig production and Pork Processing – Indian Perspective. Jaya Publishing House, New Delhi.

Thomas R and Sarma D K. 2017. SCM for meat and meat products in India: Call for improved knowledge and shared responsibility. Processed Food Industry 9: 25–30.

Thomas R, Banik S, Barman K, Mohan N H and Rajkhowa S. 2018. A more relevant grading system for Indian pig carcasses. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88(10): 1197–1202.

Thomas R, Das A and Tamuli M K. 2011. Existing pork processing system in Kamrup district, Assam. The North East Veterinarian 10(4): 17–19.

Thomas R, George S K, Sunil B and Anjaneyulu A S R. 2006. GMPs for meat product processing plants. Processed Food Industry 9(6): 20–25.

Thomas R, Mohan N H and Rajkhowa S. 2020. Creation of entrepreneurship through public private partnerships. Indian Farming 70(1): 40–42.

Thomas R, Rajkhowa S and Pegu S R. 2018a. Package of Practices (PoP) on organized backyard pig production for pig bondhus. ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati.

Thomas R, Rajkhowa S and Pegu S R. 2018b. Training manual on scientific pig production practices for master trainers. ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati.

Thomas R, Sunil B, Anjaneyulu A S R and Kondaiah N. 2006. Guidelines for developing good manufacturing practices in meat plants. Indian Food Industry 25: 46–51.

Valarcher J F, Knowles N J, Ferris N P, Paton D J, Zakharov V, Sherbakov A, Shang Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Sanyal A, Hemadri D, Tosh C and Rasool T J. 2005. Recent spread of FMD virus serotype Asia. Veterinary Record 157: 30–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.157.1.30

Vikram Singh and Kajal Chakarborty. 2015. Fisheries technology management at Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR): An IPR perspective. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 85(10): 1146–53.

Vikram Singh, and Kajal Chakraborty. 2019. Transfer of innovations: a case of working of patents in India. Current Science 117. Jrn ID-C173. ISSN-0011-3891. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v117/i6/1032-1044

Wendy M R, Lotta R, Ilias K, Emilio G I, Isabelle L and Luis G R. 2020. Prospects for sustainability of pig production in relation to climate change and novel feed resources. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100(9): 3575–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10338

Wilson E R and Johnson R K. 1981. Comparison of mating systems with Duroc, Hampshire and Yorkshire breeds of swine for efficiency of wwine production. Journal of Animal Science 52: 26–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1981.52126x

Yang H. 2008. Highly pathogenic strain of PRRS virus. Asian Pork Magazine 4: 37–40.