Exploring potential of goat based dairy farming in India and way forward

M K SINGH; S K SINGH; M S CHAUHAN

doi:10.56093/ijans.v93i3.114871

Authors

M K SINGH ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Uttar Pradesh 281 122 India
S K SINGH Former Project Director, ICAR-Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, New Delhi
M S CHAUHAN Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v93i3.114871

Keywords:

Breed, Dairy goat, Functional food, Goat milk, Human nutrition, Nutraceutical, Reverse selection, Therapeutic

Abstract

The aim of this review is to highlight the significance of goat milk along with potential and prospects of dairy goat development in the country. India occupies the first position in goat milk production in the world. In the last few years, commercial dairy goat production in India gained momentum due to spread of knowledge about therapeutic, nutraceutical and medicinal benefits of goat milk and its product, and their export potential. India possesses vast caprine resources with 37 goat breeds distributed in different bio-climates with varied nutritive value, however, some goat breeds native to north and north-western region namely Beetal, Jamunapari, Jakhrana, Surti and Zalawadi are considered as Indian dairy breed with 150 to 500 litre milk yields. The reported milk yield of Indian dairy goat is far below their potential, since they are primarily raised for mutton and also due to energy-deficient diet. Attempts so far made were scarce and limited for milk improvement of dairy goats and in creating infrastructure for goat milk processing and marketing. Use of potential sire/semen and infrastructural support for a secured market for goat milk and products is necessary to enhance dairy goat productivity and profitability. To cater the demand for goat milk in southern, eastern and hilly regions, suitable dairy breeds need to be developed along with increasing the genetic potential of existing breeds. Development of the goat dairy sector will require focused efforts to encourage entrepreneurship to set as many as possible commercial dairy farms by involving private sector through appropriate policy support and incentives.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Albenzio M, Santillo A, Avondo M, Nudda A, Chessa S, Pirisi A and Banni S. 2016. Nutritional properties of small ruminant food products and their role on human health. Small Ruminant Research 135: 3–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.12.016

Al-Wabel N A. 2008. Mineral contents of milk of cattle, camels, goats, and sheep in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Asian Journal of Biochemistry 3: 373–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajb.2008.373.375

Annual Report. 2021. ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura-Uttar Pradesh, India.

Barlowska J, Szwajkowska M, Litwinczuk Z and Krol J. 2011. Nutritional value and technological suitability of milk from various animal species used for dairy production. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 10: 291–302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00163.x

Boehm G and Stahl B. 2007. Oligosaccharides from milk. Journal of Nutrition 137: 847S–849S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.3.847S

Boichard D, Bouloc N, Ricordeau G, Piacere A and Barillet F. 1989. Genetic parameters for first lactation dairy traits in the Alpine and Saanen goat breeds. Genetics Selection Evolution 21(2): 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-21-2-205

Chilliard Y, Rouel J, Ferlay A, Bernard L, Gaborit P, Raynal- Ljutovac K, Lauret A and Leroux C. 2006. Optimising goat’s milk and cheese fatty acid composition in improving the fat content of foods (Woodhead Publishing. pp. 281-312). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845691073.2.281

DAHD (GoI). 2019. Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2019-20. Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India, New Delhi. India.

Dandrifosse G, Peulen O, El Khefif N, Deloyer P, Dandrifosse A C and Grandfils C. 2000. Are milk polyamines preventive agents against food allergy? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59: 81–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665100000100

Degen A A. 2007. Sheep and goat milk in pastoral societies. Small Ruminant Research 68: 7–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.020

Devendra C and Liang J B. 2012. Conference summary of dairy goats in Asia: current status, multifunctional contribution to food security and potential improvements. Small Ruminant Research 108: 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.08.012

Devendra C. 2001. Small Ruminants: Imperatives for productivity enhancement improved livelihoods and rural growth: A review. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science 14: 1483–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2001.1483

Dubeuf J P, Morand F P and Rubino R. 2004. Situation, changes and future of goat industry around the world. Small Ruminant Research 51: 165–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2003.08.007

Eknaes M, Chilliard Y, Hove K, Inglingstad R A, Bernard L and Holden V. 2017. Feeding of palm oil fatty acid or rapeseed oil throughout lactation: effects of energy status, body composition and milk production in Norweigian dairy goats. Journal of Dairy Science 100: 7588–7601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12768

FAOSTAT. 2013. FAOSTAT “Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations” Statistics database. http://www.faostat. fao.org.

FAOSTAT. 2018. FAOSTAT- (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Statistics database. http://www.faostat.fao.org.

Giambra I J, Brandt H and Erhardt G. 2014. Milk protein variants are highly associated with milk performance traits in East Friesian daily and Lacune sheep. Small Ruminant Research 121(2-3): 382–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.09.001

Goetsch A L, Zeng S S and Gipson T A. 2011. Factors affecting goat milk production and quality. Small Ruminant Research 101(1-3): 55–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.025

Goetsch A L. 2018. Recent areas of research emphasis in feeding practices and nutrition of lactating dairy goats. In proceedings of the 4th International Asian-Australasian Dairy Goat Conference, Oct-17-19: Tra Vinh, Vietnam pp 19–36.

Haenlein G F W. 2004. Goat milk in human nutrition. Small Ruminant Research 51:155-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2003.08.010

Haenlein G F W. 2001. Past, present and future prospective of small ruminant dairy research. Journal of Dairy Science 84: 2097–2115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74655-3

Hegde N G. 2020. Goat Development: An opportunity to strengthen rural economy in Asia and Africa. Asian journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 5(4): 30–47.

Jandal J M. 1996. Comparative aspects of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Research 22:177–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(96)00880-2

Kapadiya D B, Prajapati D B, Jain A K, Mehta B M, Darji V B and Aparnathi K D. 2016. Comparison of Surti goat milk with cow and buffalo milk for gross composition, nitrogen distribution, and selected minerals content. Veterinary World 9(7): 710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.710-716

Kaura S, Parle M, Insa R, Yadav B S and Sethi N. 2022. Neuroprotective effect of goat milk. Small Ruminant Research 214: 106748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106748

Kondyli E and Katsiari M C. 2002. Fatty acid composition of raw caprine milk of a native Greek breed during lactation. International Journal of Dairy Technology 55(1): 57–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-0307.2002.00028.x

Liang J B and Paengkoum P. 2019. Current status, challenges and the way forward for dairy goat production in Asia–conference summary of dairy goats in Asia. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 32(8): 1233–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0272

Lu C D, Kawas J R and Mahgoub O G. 2005. Fibre digestion and utilization in goats. Small Ruminant Research 60: 45–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.06.035

Lucas A, Coulon J B, Agabriel C, Chilliard Y and Rock E. 2008. Relationships between the conditions of goat’s milk production and the contents of some components of nutritional interest in Rocamadour cheese. Small Ruminant Research 74(1-3): 91–106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.04.001

Mahjour M, Mauser B E, Rashidbaigi Z A and Fawzi M B. 1993. Effects of propylene glycol diesters of caprylic and capric acids (Miglyol®840) and ethanol binary systems on in vitro skin permeation of drugs. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 95: 161–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(93)90403-3

Martinez-Ferez A, Rudloff S, Guadix A, Henkel C A, Pohlentz G, Boza J J, Guadix E M and Kunz C. 2005. Goat’s milk as a natural source of lactose-derived oligosaccharides: isolation by membrane technology. International Dairy Journal 16: 173–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.02.003

Mehaia M A and Al-Kanhal M A. 1992. Taurine and other free amino acids in milk of camel, goat, cow and man. Milchwissenschaft 47(6): 351–53.

Militante J D and Lombardini J B. 2002. Treatment of hypertension with oral taurine: experimental and clinical studies. Amino acids 23(4): 381–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-002-0212-0

Miller B A and Lu C D. 2019. Current status of global dairy goat production: an overview. Asian Australasian Journal Of Animal Sciences 32(8): 1219–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0253

Morand-Fehr P, Fedele V, Decandia M and Le Frileux Y. 2007. Influence of farming and feeding systems on composition and quality of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Research 68: 20–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.019

Muehlhoff E, Bennett A and McMahon D. 2013. Milk and dairy products in human nutrition. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

Pandya A J and Ghodke K M. 2007. Goat and sheep milk products other than cheeses and yoghurt. Small Ruminant Research 68: 193–206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.007

Park Y W. 2007. Rheological characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Research 68: 73–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.015

Park Y W, Juarez M, Ramos M and Haenlein G F W. 2007. Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Research 68: 88–113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.013

Park Y W. 2005. Goat milk products: quality, composition, processing and marketing. (Eds) Pond W G and Bell A W. Encyclopedia of Animal Science. CRP Press, pp. 478–481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482276664-141

Park Y. 2010. Improving goat milk. In Improving the safety and quality of milk (pp. 304-346). Woodhead Publishing. Great Ambington, Cambridge, CB216AH, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845699437.3.304

Pegg A E and McCann P P. 1982. Polyamine metabolism and function. American Journal of Physiology 243: C212–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1982.243.5.C212

Płoszaj T, Ryniewicz Z and Motyl T. 1997. Polyamines in goat’s colostrum and milk. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 118(1): 45–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(97)00018-7

Prakash C, Acharya R M and Dhillon J S. 1971. Sources of variation in milk production in Beetal goats. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 41: 356–60.

Pulina G, Milan M, Lavin, M P, Theodoridis A, Mprin E, Capote J, Thomas D L, Francesconi A H D and Caja G. 2018. Current production trends, farm structures, and economics of the dairy sheep and goat sectors. Journal of Dairy Science 101: 6715–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-14015

Rai B, Singh M K and Singh S K. 2005. Goats for meat, milk and fiber: A review: Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 75(3): 335–49.

Redmond H P, Stapelton P P, Neary P and Bouchier-Hayes D. 1998. Immunonutrition: the role of taurine. Nutrition 14: 599–604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(98)00097-5

Ribeiro A C and Ribeiro S D A. 2010. Specialty products made from goat milk. Small Ruminant Research 89(2-3): 225–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.12.048

Rutherfurd S M, Moughan P J, Lowry D and Prosser C G. 2008. Amino acid composition determined using multiple hydrolysis times for three goat milk formulations. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 59: 679–690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480701705424

Schallera J P, Bucka R H and Ruedab R. 2007. Rib nucleotides: conditionally essential nutrients shown to enhance immune function and reduce diarrheal disease in infants. Semen Fetal Neonatal Medicine Journal 12: 35–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2006.10.005

Scintu M F and Piredda G. 2007. Typicity and biodiversity of goat and sheep milk products. Small Ruminant Research 68: 221–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.005

Serradilla J M. 2001. Use of high yielding goat breeds for milk production. Livestock Production Science 71(1): 59-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00241-X

Shingfield K J, Chilliard Y, Toivonen V, Kairenius P and Givens D I. 2008. Trans fatty acids and bioactive lipids in milk. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 606: 3–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_1

Silanikove N, Leitner G, Merin U and Prosser C G. 2010. Recent advances in exploiting goat’s milk: quality, safety and production aspects. Small Ruminant Research 89(2-3): 110–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.12.033

Singh B B and Singh B P. 1974. Performance of Jamunapari goats. Indian Veterinary Journal 51: 326–32.

Singh M K and Chauhan M S. 2017. Sustainable Goat Farming for Livelihood Improvement in India: Opportunities, Constrains and Potential. Country Report for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Focal Point Committee Meeting held in Faisalabad, Islamabad (Pakistan).

Singh M K and Chauhan M S. 2021. Exploring potential of small ruminant based dairy farming in India. XVIII Annual Convention and National Webinar: Harnessing Potential of Indigenous Animal Genetic Resources for Enhancement of Productivity and Profitability. Organized by ICAR-NBAGR and SOCDAB, pp 180–192.

Singh M K, Dixit A K, Roy A K and Singh S K. 2013. Goat rearing: A pathway for sustainable livelihood security in Bundelkhand region: Agricultural Economics Research Review 26: 79–88.

Singh M K, Dixit A K, Roy A K and Singh S K. 2014. Analysis of prospects and problems of goat production in Bundelkhand region. Range Management and Agro-forestry 35(1): 163–68.

Singh M K, Rai B and Singh N P. 2009. Genetic analysis of milk production traits of Jamunapari goats. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 79(1): 83–86.

Singh M K, Rai B, Ashok K, Simaria M B and Singh N P. 2009. Performance of Zalawadi goats under range conditions. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 79(1): 68–72.

Singh M K, Rai B, Singh Pallavi, Singh P K and Singh N P. 2008. Status of goat production in different agro-climatic regions of India: An Overview. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants 14: 48–70.

Singh M K, Ramachandran N, Chauhan M S and Singh S K. 2018. Doubling rural farmer’s income through goat farming in India: Prospects and potential. Indian Farming 68: 75–79.

Singh M K, Verma A K and Singh S K. 2017. Current status and potential role of goats in food security of India. Indian Farming 67: 32–37.

Singh S K and Singh M K. 2012. Genetic Improvement of Small Ruminants Germplasm: Challenges and Opportunities: In Proceeding of Souvenir cum Abstract of National Seminar on Future Challenges and Opportunities to Improve Health and Production of Small Ruminants held on 22–23 December, 2012 at CIRG, Makhdoom, Mathura pp: 11 – 25.

Verma M, Dige M S, Kaushik R, Gautam D, De S and Rout P K. 2020. Milk composition traits in Jamunapari goats: Genetic parameter estimation and effect of allelic variation in CSN1S1 gene. International Journal of Dairy Technology 73(1):12–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12651

Verma M and Rout P K. 2022. Nutritional and therapeutic significance of non-bovine milk for human health. CABI Review: cabidigitallibrary.org DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217043

Verma M, Laloe D, Dige M S, De S and Rout P K. 2022. Landscape and bioclimatic diversity of milk protein variability in tropical goats. Small Ruminant Research 207: 106614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106614

Verrucka S, Balthazarb C F, Ramon S R, Ramon S, Esmerinob E A, Tatiana C P, Monica Q F, Cristina S M, Adriano G da Cruzc, Prudencioa E S. 2019. Dairy foods and positive impact on the consumer’s health. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 89: 95-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.002

Wongpayapkul L, Leesawat P, Rittirod T, Klangtrakul K and Pongpaibul Y. 2006. Effect of single and combined permeation enhancers on the skin permeation of ketoprofen transdermal drug delivery systems. CMU Journal 5: 41–52.

Yangilar F. 2013. As a potentially functional food: goat’s milk and products. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 1: 68–81.

Zervas G and Tsiplakou E. 2011. The effect of feeding systems on the characteristics of products from small ruminants. Small Ruminant Research 101(1-3): 140–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.034