Antibiotic usage practice and knowledge on antimicrobial resistance among livestock and poultry farmers of Telangana state, India

NUKALA RAMESH; HEMA TRIPATHI

doi:10.56093/ijans.v92i2.122074

Authors

NUKALA RAMESH P.V. Narasimha Rao Telengana Veterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana 500 030 India
HEMA TRIPATHI P.V. Narasimha Rao Telengana Veterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana 500 030 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i2.122074

Keywords:

Antibiotic usage knowledge, Antibiotic usage practices, Antibiotic resistance, Livestock and poultry farmers

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a silent pandemic faced parallel to COVID-19 pandemic, owing to indiscriminate usage of antimicrobial agents by large mass of people as part of self-medication and unsupervised therapy protocols. This similar kind of situation does exist in livestock and poultry farming sector, which has led to AMR issues like Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) mastitis. AMR is really an alarming issue which needs to be addressed or else in near future it would be difficult to treat or control infections in both humans and animals. Reduction in indiscriminate antimicrobial usage and AMR issues in animal husbandry sector requires intervention in animal husbandry practices. In order to device such intervention practices, first we need to document the field level antibiotic usage and knowledge level on AMR. But unfortunately, data on AMR issues at field level were deficit and poorly documented in India. Hence this cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the knowledge and usage pattern of antibiotics among livestock and poultry farmers of Telangana state of India through direct interview method. Cent per cent of the farmers responded that antibiotics were used mainly for therapeutic purpose followed by prophylactic (32%), metaphylactic purpose (44.5%) and as growth promoters (8.33%). Farmers (78%) responded that they purchase the antimicrobial agents over-the-counter. Oxytetracyclines and Enrofloxacin were the two major antibiotics used abundantly by the livestock farmers. Large proportions of famers (80%) were neither following full dosage regime of antimicrobial used nor the withdrawal period, while antimicrobial usage on their animals owing to lack of awareness and knowledge regarding the AMR. Significant differences were found amongst the livestock and poultry farmers with respect to their knowledge level on antimicrobial usage and AMR in animals.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alla M B W, Mohamed T E and Abdelgadir A E. 2011. Detection of antibiotics residues in beef in Ghnawa slaughterhouse, Khartoum state, Sudan. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production 2(1): 71–88.

Brower, Charles H, Siddhartha Mandal, Shivdeep Hayer, Mandeep Sran, Asima Zehra S, Unny J Patel, Ravneet Kaur, Leena Chatterjee, Savita Mishra, B R Das, Parminder Singh, Randhir Singh, Gill J P S and Ramanan Laxminarayan. 2017. The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing multidrug resistant Escherichia coli in poultry chickens and variation according to farming practices in Punjab, India. Environment Health Perspectives 125(7): 077015-1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP292

Chauhan A S, George M S, Chatterjee P, Lindahl J, Grace D and Kakkar M. 2018. The social biography of antibiotic use in smallholder dairy farms in India. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control 7(1): 60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0354-9

CSE (Center for Science and Environment). 2014. Studied the poultry industry and practices in Haryana (based on responses from stakeholders in Haryana poultry practice).

Davey P, Pagliari C and Hayes A. 2002. The patient’s role in the spread and control of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 8: 43–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.8.s.2.6.x

Hulscher M E, van der Meer J W and Grol R P. 2010. Antibiotic use: How to improve it? International Journal of Medical Microbiology 300: 351–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.04.003

Jones P J, Marier E A, Tranter R B, Wu G, Watson E and Teale C J. 2015. Factors affecting dairy farmers’ attitudes towards antimicrobial medicine usage in cattle in England and Wales. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 121(1): 30–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.05.010

Katakweba A A S, Mtambo M M A, Olsen J E and Muhairwa A P. 2012. Awareness of human health risks associated with the use of antibiotics among livestock keepers and factors that contribute to selection of antibiotic resistance bacteria within livestock in Tanzania. Livestock Research for Rural Development 24(10): 170.

Kumar N, Sharma G, Leahy E, Shome B R, Bandyopadhyay S, Deka R P, Shome R, Dey T K and Lindahl J F. 2021. Understanding antibiotic usage on small-scale dairy farms in the Indian states of Assam and Haryana using a mixed-methods approach—Outcomes and challenges. Antibiotics 10(9): 1124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091124

Kumar V and Gupta J. 2018. Prevailing practices in the use of antibiotics by dairy farmers in Eastern Haryana region of India. Veterinary World 11(3): 274–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.274-280

Lalawnpuia. 2015. ‘Monitoring of antibiotic residues in poultry feed, water and eggs and its public health significance.’ M.V.Sc. Thesis, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.

Muhammad S, Sherif S and Gheblawi M. 2010. Consumers’ attitudes and perceptions of food safety in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Food Distribution Research 41(2): 73– 85.

Nepal G and Bhatta S. 2018. Self-medication with antibiotics in WHO Southeast Asian Region: A systematic review. Cureus 10(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2428

Pallavi. 2017. ‘Multi residue detection of antibiotics in milk and role of dairy farm managenerial practices in occureance of residuces.’ Ph.D. Thesis, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.

Patnaik N M, Gupta J, Acharya P and Kar P. 2019. Use of antimicrobials for treatment of dairy animals by veterinarian and paravet in Punjab: A study on prescription pattern. Indian Journal of Extension Education 55(1): 86–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20190118102109

Ramesh U R. 2017. ‘A study on drug misuse amongst sheep rearers of Mahbubnagar district of Telangana.’ M.V.Sc. Thesis, P.V. Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad. Sawant A A, Sordillo L M and Jayarao B M. 2005. A survey on antibiotic usage in dairy herds in Pennsylvania. Journal of Dairy Science 88(8): 2991–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72979-9

Sharma G, Mutua F, Deka R P, Shome R, Bandyopadhyay S, Shome B R, Goyal Kumar N, Grace D, Dey T K, Venugopal N, Sahay S and Lindahl J. 2020. A qualitative study on antibiotic use and animal health management in smallholder dairy farms of four regions of India. Infection Ecology and Epidemiology 10(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008686.2020.1792033

Sumanth Gandra, Jyoti Joshi, Anna Trett A, Lamkang A S and Ramanan Laxminarayan. 2017. Scoping report on antimicrobial resistance in India. Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy Washington, DC.

Vasant Chitalkar. 2016. Surveillance of antibiotic usage in dairy animals and stability of residues in pasteurized milk. M.Sc. Thesis, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.

World Health Organization. 2014. Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

World Health Organization. 2015. Antibiotic Resistance: Multi- Country Public Awareness Survey; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland.