A scientometric study on prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs (Sus scrofa) of India


Keywords:
Gastrointestinal parasites, India, Meta-analysis, Pigs, Prevalence, Systematic reviewAbstract
In this study, prevalence of the gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in pigs from India was estimated by employing scientometrics. The prevalence studies on the GI parasites of pigs (n=21) were acquired from online and offline databases (timeline: 2010-2021) and meta-analysis was performed using meta package in R-software. The prevalence of GI parasites in pigs was 54% (95% level: CI 39-69%, PI 5-96% of 8,921 samples tested) in India. A higher
prevalence of 81% was reported in 2010 than the recent years (2016-21). The highest prevalence in South zone (78%), and least in West zone (35%) was observed. The prevalence of GI parasites was highest in Tamil Nadu (96%) and lowest in Maharashtra (28%). The higher prevalence was observed in protozoa (30%) than other parasite classes and lower in cestodes (4%) in pigs. More number of studies have been reported on nematode parasites indicating its importance in pigs. A higher prevalence was observed in the studies conducted on samples (84%) collected from slaughterhouse than the faecal samples (46%) in pigs. Among the parasite species, coccidia (29%) were most commonly reported whereas Globocephalus urosubulatus (0.7%) was observed sporadically low. Amongst nematodes and trematodes, a higher prevalence in Ascaris spp. (27%) and Amphistomes (12%), correspondingly was observed. The high GI parasites prevalence zones, states, parasite classes, sample types and parasite species recognized will assist the stakeholders and decision makers, in control and preventive approaches. Further, this study provides the baseline information on GI parasites prevalence in pigs of India for devising effective deworming strategies which ultimately lead to beneficial piggery in India.
Downloads
References
BAHS. 2019. Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics. Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying and Fisheries, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, New Delhi, India. pp: 1–132.
Balasubramanyam D, Mohanapriya M, Senthilkumar K, Devaki K and Jothika C. 2020. Socio economic status of pig farmers in Tamil Nadu. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 94: 656–59.
Bhangale G N, Bendre M U, Barbadikar M S, Jumde P D and Maske D K. 2010. Gastro-intestinal parasites of stray pigs in and around Nagpur city. Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians 5(4): 25–26.
Borkotoky D, Chamuah J K, Sakhrie A, Dutta P R, Ebibeni N and Lovingson K. 2014. Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of indigenous pigs in Phek district of Nagaland. International Journal of Livestock Research 4(6): 37–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20140920085619
Borthakur S K, Rahmani S and Sarma K. 2007. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in pigs in Aizwal. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 21: 173–74.
Dadas S, Mishra S, Jawalagatti V, Gupta S, Vinay T S and Gudewar J. 2016. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs (Sus scrofa) of Mumbai region. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology 5(2): 822–26.
Das M, Laha R and Kharguria G. 2020. Gastrointestinal protozoan parasites in pigs of hilly region of Meghalaya. Indian Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 8(3): 947–51.
Deka D K, Borthakur S K and Patra G. 2005. Parasitosis in domestic animals and birds of Aizawl, Mizoram. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 19: 51–53
FAOSTAT. 2022. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistics on Livestock production data. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/. Accessed on 10th August 2022.
Godara R and Sharma R L. 2010. Parasitic infections in livestock at Jaipur. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 24: 193–95
Gomathi M, Subramanian N and Muthu M. 2016. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic pigs collected from Cheyyar taluk, Thiruvannamalai district. International Journal of Development Research 6(11): 10466–73.
Gowda C K, Puttalakshmamma G C, D’Souza P E, Mamatha G S and Chandranaik B M. 2018. Survey of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs slaughtered in Bengaluru. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 32(1): 23–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0813.2018.00005.0
Gowda C K, Puttalakshmamma G C, D’Souza P E, Mamatha G S and Chandranaik B M. 2020. Comparative studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs from Bengaluru urban and rural districts. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 34(1): 43–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0813.2020.00008.X
ICAR. 2012. Handbook of animal husbandry, ICAR publication, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi.
Kalkal H and Vohra S. 2021. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in pigs of Hisar city, Haryana. The Pharma Innovation Journal 10(5): 476–78.
Kaur M, Singh B B, Sharma R and Gill J P S. 2017. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs in Punjab, India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 41(2): 483–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-016-0833-y
Khajuria J K, Katoch R, Yadav A, Vohra S, Soodan J S, Boorkataki S and Singh A. 2010. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites affecting pigs in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir. Veterinary Practitioner 11(2): 167–68.
Krishnamoorthy P, Suresh K P, Saha S, Govindaraj G, Shome B R and Roy P. 2017. Meta-analysis of prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis, major mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle in India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science 6: 1214–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.141
Krishnamoorthy P, Ashwini M, Suresh K P, Siju S J and Roy P. 2019a. Prevalence of Anaplasma species in India and the World in dairy animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research in Veterinary Science 123: 159–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.013
Krishnamoorthy P, Hamsapriya S, Ashwini M, Patil S S, Roy P and Suresh K P. 2019b. Systematic review and meta-analysis of livestock associated-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) prevalence in animals in India. International Journal of Livestock Research 9: 179–91.
Krishnamoorthy P, Suresh K P, Jayamma K S, Shome B R, Patil S S and Amachwadi R G. 2021a. An understanding of the global status of major bacterial pathogens of milk concerning bovine mastitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Scientometrics). Pathogens 10(545): 1–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050545
Krishnamoorthy P, Goudar A L, Suresh K P and Roy P. 2021b. Global and countrywide prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cattle and buffaloes by systematic review and meta-analysis. Research in Veterinary Science 136: 561–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.021
Krishnamoorthy P, Akshata L G, Jacob S S, Suresh K P and Roy P. 2021c. Theileriosis prevalence status in cattle and buffaloes in India established by systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian Journal Animal Sciences 91(4): 269–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v91i4.114331
Laha R, Das M, Goswami A, Sailo B, Sharma B K, Gangmei D and Ngullie E. 2014. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in pigs of North Eastern region of India. Indian Journal of Hill Farming 27(1): 110–17.
Laha R, Goswami A, Das M, Patra M K, Das R K, Ebibeni N, Sen A and Deka B C. 2017. Prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan infections in pigs of Dimapur district (Nagaland) and its treatment. Indian Journal of Hill Farming Special Issue: 36–41.
Laha R, Sailo B, Goswami A, Sharma B K, Gangme D, Das M, Sen A, Prakash N and Bhattacharjee D. 2017. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in livestock of Manipur. Indian Journal of Hill Farming Special Issue: 1–6.
Murthy C M K, Ananda K J, Adeppa J and Satheesha M G. 2016. Studies on gastrointestinal parasites of pigs in Shimoga region of Karnataka. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 40(3): 885–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0598-0
Navajeevan M, Kumar M U, Sreenivasamurthy G S, Kalyani P and Lakshman M. 2021. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of swine in Telangana state. 30th National Congress of Veterinary Parasitology and National Symposium on “Fundamentals of Integrated Parasite management and its relevance in one health”. 14-16th December 2021 at College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani, Maharashtra. Pp. 48.
Ngowi H A, Kassuku A A, Meada G E, Boa M E and Willingham A L. 2004. A slaughter slab survey for extra-intestinal porcine helminth infections in Northern Tanzania. Tropical Animal Health and Production 36: 335–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:TROP.0000026663.07862.2a
Palampalle H Y, Bharkad G P, Kalwaghe S T, Pednekar R P, Gudewar J G and Narvenkar. 2021. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in laboratory animals in and around Mumbai. 30th National Congress of Veterinary Parasitology and National Symposium on “Fundamentals of Integrated Parasite management and its relevance in one health”. 14-16th December 2021 at College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani, Maharashtra. Pp. 226
Patra G, Al-Abodi H R, Sahara A, Ghosh S, Borthakur S K, Polley S, Behera P and Deka A. 2019. Prevalence of parasitic fauna of pigs in Northeastern region of India. Biological Rhythm Research 51: 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2019.1573460
Rajesh J, Prasad H, Sarma K, Deka D, Zosangpuii and Chethan G. 2020. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in semi intensive pig farming in Mizoram. International Journal of Livestock Research 10(6): 61–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20200322092310
Satheesha S P, Bhat M N, Hiremath J B, Upendra H A, Ramesh P T, Rathnamma R, Swamy M N and Veena R. 2020. Copro-prevalence of endoparasites in domestic pigs (Sus Scrofa) and associated risk factors in different pig farms of Hassan district, Karnataka. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 8(6): 667–73.
Schwarzer G. 2007. Meta: An R package for meta-analysis. R News 7: 40–45.
Sharma D, Singh N K, Singh H and Rath S. 2020. Copro-prevalence and risk factor assessment of gastrointestinal parasitism in Indian domestic pigs. Helminthologia 57(1): 28–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0011
Singh A K, Das G, Nath S, Kumar S, Naresh R and Agrawal V. 2017. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in pig in and around Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian Veterinary Journal 94(03): 17–19.
Tiwari K P, Chikweto A, Belot G, Vanpee G, Deallie C, Stratton G and Sharma R N. 2009. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in pigs in Grenada, West Indies. West Indian Veterinary Journal 9(1): 22–27.
Turner L, Shamseer L, Altman D G, Schulz K F and Moher D. 2012. Does use of the CONSORT statement impact the completeness of reporting of randomized controlled trials published in medical journals? A Cochrane Database of Systemic Review: 1–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-1-60
Yadav S, Gupta A, Poonam C, Kumar P, Pilania and Joshi S P. 2021. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths and assessment of associated risk factors in pigs from Rajasthan districts, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 9(1): 1418–23.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.