Designing and clinical application of caps for intramedullary pinning to manage long bone fracture in dogs

AZAM  KHAN; ASWATHY  GOPINATHAN; KIRANJEET  SINGH; AKSHAY KUMAR; MOHAMMED ARIF  BASHA K; CHAITHRA  S N; MANISH  ARYA; NAVEEN  KUMAR

doi:10.56093/ijans.v94i3.131472

Authors

AZAM KHAN ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
ASWATHY GOPINATHAN ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
KIRANJEET SINGH ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
AKSHAY KUMAR ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
MOHAMMED ARIF BASHA K ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
CHAITHRA S N ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
MANISH ARYA ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
NAVEEN KUMAR ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v94i3.131472

Keywords:

Cap, Dog, Fracture, Intramedullary pinning

Abstract

Study was carried out to design and evaluate clinical application of caps for intramedullary pinning to mange long bone fractures in dogs. Cannulated cancellous caps made of 316 L stainless steel with dimensions of 10 mm × 25 mm (length) cap for 4 mm, 4.5 mm and 5 mm steinmann pin and 8 mm × 25 mm (length) cap for 2.5 mm and 3 mm steinmann pin were designed. A total of 14 cases of dogs presented with simple transverse, short oblique fractures of long bones were equally divided into groups A and B having 7 animals in each. Simple intramedullary pinning was done in group A, whereas, in group B designed caps were fixed at entry point at trochanteric fossa after intramedullary pinning to prevent proximal migration of pins. Posture, gait, perception of pain and lameness scores were assessed during 15, 30 and 60 day, postoperatively. Caps offered rigid fixation along with intramedullary pin resulting in mild or moderate callus formation. Excellent postoperative functional recovery without any pin migration, seroma formation and valgus limb deformity were observed in group B. Results of present preliminary study suggested that designed capped intramedullary pinning offers stable internal fixation and prevented pin migration, sciatic injury and seroma formation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Asma B, Abdellatif B, Mohame H, Mokhtar H and Hamza R. 2014. Bone healing by the use of intramedullary pinning in dogs. Open Access Library Journal 1(04):1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100668

Beale B. 2004. Orthopedic clinical techniques femur fracture pair. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice 19: 134–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctsap.2004.09.006

Black A P and Withrow S J .1979. Changes in the proximal femur and coxofemoral joint following intramedullary pinning of diaphyseal fractures in young dogs. Veterinary Surgery 8(1): 19–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.1979.tb00598.x

Braden T D, Brinker W O, Little R W, Jenkins R B and Butler D. 1973. Comparative biomechanical evaluation of bone healing in the dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 163(1): 65–69.

Camuzzini D, Filippi D, Valazza A and Peirone B. 2002. Femoral and humeral fracture treatment with an intramedullary pin/ external fixator tie-in configuration in growing dogs and cats. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 15(2): 85–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632719

Chanana M, Kumar A, Tyagi S P, Singla A K, Sharma A and Farooq U B. 2018. End-threaded intramedullary positive profile screw ended self-tapping pin (Admit pin)-A cost- effective novel implant for fixing canine long bone fractures. Veterinary World 11(2): 181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.181-185

Cross A R, Budsberg S C and Keefe T J. 1997. Kinetic gait analysis assessment of meloxicam efficacy in a sodium urate-induced synovitis model in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 58(6): 626–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.06.626

Denny H R and Butterworth S J. 2000. Options in fracture management, pp. 97–109. In: A Guide to Canine and Feline Orthopaedic Surgery. 4thEdn (Eds) H R Denny, S J Butterworth. Oxford, Blackwell Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470699027

Duhautois B and Legeard F. 1992. Encoulageetcerclage, pp. 3400. In: EncyclopediaVeterinaire, Paris, France Orthopedie.

Dvorak M, Necas A and Zatloukal J. 2000. Complications of long bone fracture healing in dogs: Functional and radiological criteria for their assessment. Acta Veterinaria Brno 69(2): 107–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200069020107

Elzomor S T, Sheta E M E, Farghali H A and Ashour A E. 2014. Prevalence of femoral fractures in dogs and cats. Journal of the Egyptian Veterinary Medical Association 74(2): 269–78.

Howard P E.1991. Principles of intramedullary pin and wire fixation. In: Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Small Animal) 6(1): 52–67.

Johnson A L, Houlton J E and Vannini R. 2005. AO principles of fracture management in the dog and cat. Georg Thieme Verlag.

Kumar K, Mogha I V, Aithal H P, Kinjavdekar P, Amarpal, Singh G R, Pawde A M and Kushwaha R B. 2007. Occurrence and pattern of long bone fractures in growing dogs with normal and osteopenic bones. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series 54(9): 484–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00969.x

Libardoni R D N, Costa D D, Menezes F B, Cavalli L G, Pedrotti L F, Kohlrausch P R, Minto B W and Silva M A M. 2018. Classification, fixation techniques, complications and outcomes of femur fractures in dogs and cats: 61 cases (2015- 2016). Ciência Rural 48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20170028

Marsell R and Einhorn T A. 2011. The biology of fracture healing. Injury 42(6): 551–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.031

Muller ME.1990. Manual of internal fixation. Techniques Recommended by the AO-Group.

Özsoy S. 2004. Fixation of femur, humerus and tibia fractures in cats using intramedullary threaded Steinmann pins. The Veterinary Record 155(5):152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.155.5.152

Palmer R H.1998. Preoperative decision making in fracture management: The fracture patient assessment score (FPAS). In: Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Complete Course in External Skeletal Fixation, West Lafayette.

Patra S. 2015. ‘Comparative Evaluation of Locking Compression T Plate and Cross Intramedullary Pin Fixation in Distal Femur Fractures in Canines.’ MVSc Thesis. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Perren S M. 2002. Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures: the scientific basis of biological internal fixation: Choosing a new balance between stability and biology. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 84(8): 1093110.

Piermattei D L, Flo G L and De Camp C E. 2006. Brinker, Piermattei and Flo’s Handbook of Small Animal Orthopaedics and Fracture Repair.4th ed. WB Saunders Company, Phlapdeiphia.- 512.

Priyanka T S, Mohindroo J, Pallavi V, Udheiya R and Umeshwori N. 2019. Evaluation of intramedullary pinning technique for management of tibia fractures in dogs. The Pharma Innovation Journal 8(2): 291–97.

Reems M R, Beale B S and Hulse D A. 2003. Use of a plate- rod construct and principles of biological osteosynthesis for repair of diaphyseal fractures in dogs and cats: 47 cases (1994–2001). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 223(3): 330–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2003.223.330

Sawyere D M, Jerram R M and Walker A M. 2015. Long- term follow-up of working dogs in New Zealand following pancarpal arthrodesis using dorsal hybrid plating. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 63(6): 326–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2015.1034218

Schatzker J, Sanderson R and Murnaghan J P.1975. The holding power of orthopedic screws in vivo. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007) 108:115–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-197505000-00019

Schrader S C.1991. Complications associated with the use of Steinmann intramedullary pins and cerclage wires for fixation of long-bone fractures. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 21(4): 687–703. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-5616(91)50079-6

Sissener T R, Jones E and Langley-Hobbs S J. 2005. Effects of three intramedullary pinning techniques on pin location and articular damage in the canine humerus. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 18(03): 153–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632948

Soontornvipart K, Necas A and Dvorak M. 2003. Effect of metallic implant on the risk of bacterial osteomyelitis in small animals. Acta Veterinaria Brno 72(2): 35–247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200372020235

Spencer A J, Dirsko J F, Loic M D, Michael W and Simon R. 2012. Internal fracture fixation. In: Tobias K M, Johnston SA 1st Ed. Veterinary Surgery Small Animal. St. Louis, MO, Saunders.576–607.

Stephan M P. 2002. Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures: The scientific basis of biological internal fixation: choosing a new balance between stability and biology. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 84(8): 1093–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.84B8.13752

Uwagie-Ero E A, Abiaezute C N, Okorie-Kanu O J, Odigie E A and Asemota O D. 2018. Retrospective evaluation of canine fractures in southern Nigeria. Comparative Clinical Pathology 27(5):1127–132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2708-3

Vannini R, Smeak D D and Olmstead M L.1988. Evaluation of surgical repair of 135 distal humeral fractures in dogs and cats. The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association (USA).