Effect of aflatoxin on haematology, gross and histopathology of internal organs in white pekin ducks and its amelioration by dietary incorporation of bentonite clay

PALLAVI PRIYADARSHANI DAS; R C PATRA; S K PANDA; RAJASRI SAHOO; G R JENA; DHIRENDRA KUMAR

doi:10.56093/ijans.v93i5.133785

Authors

PALLAVI PRIYADARSHANI DAS Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751 003 India
R C PATRA Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751 003 India
S K PANDA Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751 003 India
RAJASRI SAHOO Kamala Nehru Women’s College, Rama Devi University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
G R JENA Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751 003 India
DHIRENDRA KUMAR ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research Regional Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v93i5.133785

Keywords:

Aflatoxin, Bentonite clay, Gross pathology, Hematology, Histopathology

Abstract

The present experiment was carried out to examine the effect of aflatoxin exposure through experimentally contaminated feed (48 or 98 μg/kg of feed) on hematological parameters, and gross and histopathology of liver, kidneys, thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricious in ducks, and to assess the prophylactic efficacy of bentonite clay at three different dose levels (1, 2 or 3g/kg of feed) in protecting the birds from the toxic effects of aflatoxin. The experiment was carried out on 9 weeks old white pekin ducks for a period of six weeks. The experimental ducks (n=72) were randomly divided into six equal groups. Group 1 birds served as healthy controls and were continued with basal diet without addition of toxin or bentonite clay. The birds of Group 2 were provided with a diet containing 48 μg toxin/kg of feed. The diet of the grower ducks of Group 3 to 6 were added with 96 μg of toxin/kg of feed. The birds of Group 4, 5, and 6 were provided with aflatoxin-contaminated feed and the diet was supplemented with bentonite clay @ 1, 2 or 3g/kg of feed, respectively. The hematological parameters such as Hb, PCV, TLC and Differential Leukocyte Count were estimated at 4th and 6th week post exposure. Haemoglobin, PCV and TLC reduced significantly in ducks fed with aflatoxin-contaminated feed. The birds fed with 48 μg aflatoxin/kg of feed had moderate gross lesions in different internal organs. The feed supplementation with bentonite clay in aflatoxin-exposed birds reduced the inflammation of hepatocytes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bennett J W and Klich M. 2003. Mycotoxins. Clinical Microbiology Review 16(3): 497–516. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.16.3.497-516.2003

Bianchi M D, Oliveira C A F, Albuquerque R, Guerra J L and Correa B. 2005. Effects of prolonged oral administration of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 84: 1835–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.12.1835

Chen K, Peng X, Rang J, Cui H, Zuo Z, Deng J, Chen Z, Geng Y, Lai W, Tang L and Yang Q. 2014. Effects of dietary selenium on histopathological changes and T cells of spleen in broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11: 1904–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110201904

Dalvi R R and Mcgowan C. 1984. Experimental induction of chronic aflatoxicosis in chickens by purified aflatoxin B1 and its reversal by activated charcoal, phenobarbital, and reduced glutathione. Poultry Science 63 (3): 485–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0630485

Fowler J, Li W and Bailey C. 2015. Effects of calcium bentonite clay in diets containing aflatoxin when measuring liver residues of aflatoxin B1 in starter broiler chicks. Toxins (Basel) 7(9): 3455–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7093455

Garvican L, Cajone F and Rees K R. 1973. The mechanism of action of aflatoxin B1 on protein synthesis; Observations on malignant, viral transformed and untransformed cells in culture. Chemical Biology Interaction 7: 39–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2797(73)90014-8

Gholami A M and Zia-Jahromi N. 2012. Effect of nano-silver on blood parameters in chickens having aflatoxicosis. Toxicology and Industrial Health 30(2): 192-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233712452611

Gqaleni N J, Smith E, Lacey J and Gettinby G. 1997. Effects of temperature, water activity and incubation time on production of aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid by an isolate of Aspergillus flavus in surface agar culture. Applied Environmental Microbiology 63: 1048–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.3.1048-1053.1997

Han X Y, Huang Q C, Li W F, Jiang J F Z and Xu R. 2008. Changes in growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and nutrient digestibility of cherry valley ducks in response to aflatoxin B1 levels. Livestock Science 119(1–3): 216–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2008.04.006

Kececi T, Oguz H, Kurtogae V and Demet O. 1997. Effects of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, syntheticzeolite and bentonite on serum biochemical and haematological characters of broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. British Poultry Science 39: 452–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669889051

Kubena L F, Harvey R B, Huff W E, Elissalde M H, Yersin A G, Phillips T D and Rottinghaus G E. 1993. Efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol. Poultry Science 72: 51–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0720051

Kubena L F, Harvey R B, Phillips T D, Corrier D E and Huff W E. 1990. Diminution of aflatoxicosis in growing chickens by the dietary addition of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. Poultry Science 69: 727–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0690727

Kumar D S, Rao S, Satyanarayana M L, Kumar P G and Anitha N. 2015. Amelioration of hepatotoxicity induced by aflatoxin using citrus fruit oil in broilers (Gallus domesticus). Toxicology and Industrial Health 31(11): 974-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233713485893

Liu J, Song W J, Zhang N Y, Tan J, Krumm C S, Sun L H and Qi D S. 2017. Biodetoxification of aflatoxin B1 in cottonseed meal by fermentation of Cellulosimicrobium funkei in duckling diet. Poultry Science 96: 923–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew352

Miazzo R, Peralta M F, Magnoli C, Salvano M, Ferrero S, Chiacchiera S M, Carvalho E C Q, Rosa C A R and Dalcero A. 2005. Efficacy of sodium bentonite as a detoxifier of broiler feed contaminated with aflatoxin and fumonisin. Poultry Science 84: 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.1.1

Monson M S, Coulombe R A and Reed K M. 2015. Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from toxicity and responses to aflatoxin B1 in poultry. Agriculture 5: 742–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture5030742

Ostrowski-Meissner H T. 1984. Biochemical and physiological responses of growing chickens and ducklings to dietary aflatoxins. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C 79(1): 193–204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(84)90185-3

Rosa C A R, Miazzo R, Magnoli C, Salvano M, Chiacchiera S M, Ferrero S, Saenz M, Carvalho E C Q and Dalcero A. 2001. Evaluation of the efficacy of bentonite from the south of Argentina to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers. Poultry Science 80: 139–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.2.139

Schell T C, Lindemann M D, Kornegay E T, Blodgett D J and Doerr J A. 1993. Effectiveness of different types of clay for reducing the detrimental effects of aflatoxin-contaminated diets on performance and serum profiles of weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71: 1226–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7151226x

Sporn M B C, Dingman W, Phelps H L and Wogan G N. 1966. Aflatoxin B1: Binding to DNA in vitro and alteration of RNA metabolism in vivo. Science 151: 1539– 41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.151.3717.1539

Wan X L, Yang Z B, Yang W R, Jiang S Z, Zhang G G, Johnston S L and Chi F. 2012. Toxicity of increasing aflatoxin B1 concentrations from contaminated corn with or without clay adsorbent supplementation in ducklings. Poultry Science 92: 1244–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02748