Seroprevalence and determination of serogroup-specific antibodies of Leptospira in cattle and buffaloes in Karnataka, India

SHIVARAJ  MURAG; DODDAMANE  RATHNAMMA; SANGANAGOUDA  KOPPAD; MALLINATH KARABASAPPA  CHOUDAPUR; KURALAYANAPALYA PUTTAHONNAPPA  SURESH; VINAYAGAMURTHY  BALAMURUGAN; SHARANAGOUDA S.  PATIL

doi:10.56093/ijans.v95i7.146618

Authors

SHIVARAJ MURAG Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
DODDAMANE RATHNAMMA Veterinary College (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
SANGANAGOUDA KOPPAD Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
MALLINATH KARABASAPPA CHOUDAPUR Veterinary College (KVAFSU), Bidar, Karnataka, India
KURALAYANAPALYA PUTTAHONNAPPA SURESH ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
VINAYAGAMURTHY BALAMURUGAN ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
SHARANAGOUDA S. PATIL ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v95i7.146618

Keywords:

Bovine leptospirosis, Karnataka, MAT, Seroprevalence

Abstract

This study sought to evaluate seroprevalence and distribution of Leptospira serovars among bovines experiencing reproductive disorders across four revenue divisions in the state of Karnataka, India. A total of 582 serum samples, consisting of 314 cows and 268 buffaloes, were randomly collected from Bengaluru, Belgaum, Gulbarga, and Mysore divisions of Karnataka. Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was employed to assess these samples against the reference panel of serovars comprising of eight pathogenic Leptospira namely Hardjo, Pomona, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagie, Hebdomadis, Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes, and Autumnalis. The findings indicated an overall seroprevalence rate of 28% (163/582), with specific antibodies against the employed serovars: Hardjo (34.35%), Pomona (16.56%), Canicola (11.66%), Icterohaemorrhagie (10.43%), Hebdomadis (10.43%), and Autumnalis (9.81%). No specific positive reactions were observed for Grippotyphosa and Pyrogenes serovars. Further, buffaloes exhibited a higher seropositivity (29%) as compared to cattle (27%). Serovar Hebdomadis was most prevalent in both cattle and buffaloes. Furthermore, among the 163 MAT reactive positive samples, the majority (62.58%) were linked to a history of abortion, followed by repeat breeding (28.22%), while the remaining cases (9.2%) were associated with other reproductive disorders. Bengaluru, Mysore, and Belgaum divisions displayed higher seropositivity and a greater diversity of serovars, potentially due to increased risk factors in these regions compared to Gulbarga division of Karnataka. These results underscore the necessity for enhanced surveillance and diagnostic efforts, particularly in animals with a history of abortion, to address leptospirosis in bovines. Furthermore, identifying prevalent serovars may be useful for targeted interventions in particular geographical areas, and may be of use in the reference panels of antigens in the MAT in disease diagnostic laboratories which pay the way for more accurate, efficient, and timely diagnosis of leptospirosis, and ultimately contribute to the management of ‘One Health’ concerns.

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