Sequential pathology of fowl adenovirus serotype 11 in experimentally infected chicken

S  CHITRADEVI; K  SUKUMAR; G A  BALASUBRAMANIAM; A  ARULMOZHI

doi:10.56093/ijans.v95i3.150639

Authors

S CHITRADEVI Veterinary College and Research Institute, Veerapandi, Theni - 625 534
K SUKUMAR Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal - 637 002
G A BALASUBRAMANIAM Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal - 637 002
A ARULMOZHI Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal - 637 002

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v95i3.150639

Keywords:

Experimental infection, Fowl adenovirus, Histopathological examination, Sequential gross

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to find out the sequential pathology of fowl adenovirus in experimentally infected chicken. To assess the gross and histopathology, experimental infection of ninety-eight numbers of one-day- old chicks were inoculated with fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype 11 field isolate at the rate of 0.5 ml of 10^6.5/TCID 50 per ml both oral and intramuscular (I/M) route except control group, followed by PCR confirmation and sequencing. Six number of birds from each treatment groups and two number of birds from control groups were sacrificed with 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 21^st days post infection (dpi) and detailed post mortem examination was conducted. Tissue samples viz., bursa of Fabricius, caecal tonsil, kidneys, liver, spleen and thymus were collected in 10 per cent formalin in sterile container for histopathological examination. Gross pathological lesions were observed in liver from 3^rd dpi to 21^st dpi in both the groups. Enlarged and congested kidneys were seen at 5^th dpi and 7^th dpi in I/M and oral group respectively. The intensity of lesions in liver, heart and kidneys were slightly higher in I/M group than the oral group. Histopathological examination of infected tissues revealed mild to severe changes were observed in all tissues except in thymus. The presence of basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in I/M group from 7^th dpi whereas 21^st dpi in Oral groups.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abghour A, Mouahid M, DarkaouiS, Berrada J, Zro K and Kichou F. 2021. Pathogenicity of field strain of fowl aviadenovirus serotype 11 isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Morocco. PLoS One 16(12): doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0261284

Alcigir M E and Vural S A. 2013. Evaluation of liver and heart lesions induced by experimental fowl adenovirus 4 infection in broilers and virus detection by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and in situ PCR. Revue De Medecine Veterinaire 164(7): 348-57.

Balachandran C, Muralimanohar B, SundararajAand Dorairajan N. 1993. An outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in a layer flock. Indian Veterinary Journal 70: 964-5.

Bancroft J D and Stevens A. 1996. Theory and practice of histological techniques. 4th edn. Churchill Livingstone, London.

Chavan V G, Awandkar S P, Kulkarni M B, Chavhan S G, Kulkarni R C and Agnihotri A. 2023. Molecular phylodynamics of fowl adenovirus serotype 11 and 8b from inclusion body hepatitis outbreaks. Virus Genes 59(1):148-57.

Chen L, Yin L, Zhou Q, Peng P, Du Y, Liu L, Zhang Y, Xue C and Cao Y. 2019. Epidemiological investigation of fowl adenovirus infections in poultry in China during 2015– 2018. BMC Veterinary Research 15: 271 doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-1969-7.

Chitradevi S, Sukumar K, Suresh P, Balasubramaniam G A, Kannan D. 2021. Molecular typing and pathogenicity assessment of fowl adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chicken from India. Tropical Animal Health Production 53(4): 412. doi: 10.1007/s11250-021-02851-8.

Gaba A, Parmar H, Pal J K and Prajapati K S. 2010. Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of inclusion body hepatitis virus. Veterinary World 3(9): 415-7.

Grgic H, Yang D H and Nagy E. 2011. Pathogenicity and complete sequence of a fowl adenovirus serotype 8 isolate. Virus Research 156: 91-7.

Harrach B, Benko M, Both G W, Brown M, Davison AJ, Echavarria M, Hess M, Jones M S, Kajon A, Lehmkuhl H D, Mautner V, Mittal S K and Wadell G. 2012. Family Adenoviridae. King A M Q, Adams M J, Carstens E B and Lefkowitz E J (eds). Virus Taxonomy: Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Inc, NY., USA., pp. 125-41.

Jadhao S J, Deepak J N, Kataria J M, Kataria R S, Tiwari A K, Somwanshi R, Sangamithra P and Verma K C. 2003. Characterization of fowl adenovirus from chicken affected with infectious hydropericardium during 1994-1998 in India. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 41:321-7.

Joshi V, Kuldip D J, Joddha C B, Bhanderi H B, Ghodasara B J, Kabariya D V and Kabaria D V. 2022. Experimental pathogenicity assessment and vaccine efficacy of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 and 11 responsible for inclusion body hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome in broilers. Indian Journal of Veterinary Science and Biotechnology 18(4): 97- 103.

Kumar V, Kumar R, Chandra P, Bhatt and Dhama K. 2013. Outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens: Pathological studies and isolation of fowl adenovirus. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 1(3S): 21-4.

Lim T H, Lee H J, Lee D H, Lee Y N, Park J K and Youn H N. 2011.Identification and virulence characterization of fowl adenoviruses in Korea. Avian Diseases 55: 554–60.

Marek A, Ballmann M Z, Kosiol C, Harrach B, Schlotterer C and Hess M. 2014. Whole-genome sequences of two turkey adenovirus types reveal the existence of two unknown lineages that merit the establishment of novel species within the genus Aviadenovirus. Journal of General Virology 95: 156–70.

McFerran J B and Smyth J A. 2000. Avian Adenoviruses. OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique. Office International Des Epizooties 19(2): 589-601.

Meulemans G, Boschmans M, Van den Berg T P and Decaesstecker M. 2001. Polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme analysis for detection and differentiation of fowl adenoviruses. Avian Pathology 30: 655- 60.

Norfitriah M S, Bejo M H, Omar A R, Aini I and Nurulfiza MI. 2018. Molecular detection and pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus isolated from disease outbreak in commercial layer farm. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences in Veterinary Medicine 6(1): 73-84.

Pereira C G, Marin S Y, Santos B M, Resende J S, Resende M, Gomes A M and Martins N R S. 2014. Occurrence of Aviadenovirus in chickens from the poultry industry of Minas Gerais.ArquivoBrasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 66: 801-8.

Pilkington P, Brown, Villegas P, McMurray B, Page K, Rowland G N and Thayer S G. 1997. Adenovirus induced inclusion body hepatitis in four day old broiler breeders. Avian Diseases 41: 472-4.

Raue R and M. Hess. 1998. Hexon based PCR combined with restriction enzyme analysis for rapid detection and differentiation of fowl adenoviruses and egg drop syndrome virus. Journal of Virological Methods 73: 211–7.

Reed L J and Muench H. 1938. A simple method for estimating 50 percent end points. American Journal of Hygiene,27: 493-497. Schachner A, Matos M, Grafl B and Hess M. 2018. Fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV) induced diseases and strategies for their control–a review on the current global situation. Avian Pathology 47: 111–26.

Schonewille E, Singh A, Gobel T W, Gerner W, Saalmuller A and Hess M. 2008. Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype 4 causes depletion of B and T cells in lymphoid organs in specific pathogen free chickens following experimental infection. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 121: 130-9.

Shankar K S, Priyanka E, Mathivanan B, Kumar B P, Mukhopadhayay S K, Mondal S and Kannaki T R. 2022. Molecular Epidemiology of Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) from Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) Incidences from Indian Broilers Revealed the Prevalence of Serotypes of FAdV-D and E. Indian Journal of Animal Research DOI: 10.18805/ IJAR.B-4949.

Shinde D B, Thormothe A L, Koratkar S S, Sharma N, Rajguru A, Rale V, Wagh P, Prajitno T Y and Tongaonkar S S. 2020. Molecular and pathotypic characterization of fowl adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in Indian chickens. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90(7): 982-6.

Singh A, Oberoi M S, J and S K and Singh B. 1996. Epidemiology of inclusion body hepatitis in poultry in northern India from 1990 to 1994. Revue Scientifique Et Technique De L Office International Des Epizooties 15: 1053-60.

Steer P A, Sandy J R, Rourke D O, Scott P C, Browning G F and Noormohammadi A H. 2015. Chronological analysis of gross and histological lesions induced by field strains of fowl adenovirus serotypes 1, 8b and 11 in one day old chickens, Avian Pathology 44(2): 106-13.

Suohu S and Rajkhowa T K. 2021. Prevalence and molecular diagnosis of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in the poultry population of Mizoram, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research 55(1): 96-100.

Thakor K B, Dave C J, Fefar D T, Jivani BM and Prajapati KS. 2012. Pathological and molecular diagnosis of naturally occurring inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chickens. Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 36(2): 212-6.

Trivedi R., Kumar R, Metwal M, Khan A S, Tiwari A, Panday G and Kumar A. 2018. Epidemiological observations on some natural outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis- hydropericardium syndrome (IBH-HPS) in domestic chicken. International Journal of Current Microbiology in Applied Sciences 7(8): 3012-22.

Zhao J, Zhong Q, Zhao Y, Hu Y X and Zhang G Z. 2015. Pathogenicity and complete genome characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated from associated with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome in China. PLoS ONE 10(7): DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0133073.