A comprehensive serosurveillance of foot-and-mouth disease in pig population of Mizoram state in eastern Himalayan argo-climatic region in India

Manoranjan Rout

doi:10.56093/ijans.v95i12.154381

Authors

Manoranjan Rout scientist

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v95i12.154381

Keywords:

3AB NSP ELISA, Foot-and-mouth disease, India, LPB ELISA, Mizoram, Pig

Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3AB3 nonstructural protein (NSP) antibodies in pig population of Mizoram in India. The 3AB3 NSP indirect ELISA, already in use in the country for screening FMDV infection associated antibodies in the bovines, was modified using anti-porcine IgG-horse radish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate and successfully applied for serosurveillance of FMD in pig population of Mizoram. In total, 2996 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy pigs across all eight districts of Mizoram state and tested using 3AB3 NSP ELISA, where 373 samples (12.44%) were found positive for NSP antibodies indicating recent past FMDV infection and virus circulation, with NSP antibody positivity ranging from 2.32% in Champhai to 31.27% in Kolasib district. Further, a set of representative serum samples was subjected to liquid phase blocking (LPB) ELISA to assess the level of protective structural antibody against FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia 1. None of the pigs were found to have a protective log₁₀ antibody titre of ≥1.8 against any of the three FMDV serotypes, indicating a ‘no vaccination’ scenario in pigs in the region. FMDV-infected pigs, being the amplifier hosts, excrete enormous quantity of virus and may pose a severe threat to other domestic livestock. Hence, pigs should be included in ongoing surveillance and control measures, including prophylactic vaccination coupled with zoosanitary measures. To the best of our knowledge, this appears to be the first comprehensive sero-epidemiological study covering an entire state with a relatively higher pig population in India.

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Author Biography

Manoranjan Rout, scientist

Researcher

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